Memorative Landscape: Concept and Experience
https://doi.org/10.22394/2074-0492-2022-1-69-94
Abstract
The use of landscape terminology in the studies of urban memory may seem redundant against the background of the established languages of description and discursive practices of commemoration. Nevertheless, the variety of already identified landscapes and approaches to their study illustrates the heuristic potential of the concept. Firstly, the landscape itself indicates a topography, a nuclear connection with the place. Secondly, a spatial frame is set — be it a city, knowledge or some memories associated with a certain territory. Thirdly, and perhaps most importantly, the landscape makes it possible to connect dissimilar elements into something whole. In the landscape, the policy of memory is surprisingly manifested — what to highlight and place in the foreground, and what is better not to notice and ignore. On the other hand, spontaneous elements associated with the personal memories of residents and urban communities rhizomatically “sprout” through such a design of memory. The article highlights elements of the memorial landscape structure: content, spatial, temporal, communicative-activity and procedural. Its features are demonstrated on the example of two small Russian cities: Inta (Komi Republic, Subpolar Urals) and Kotelnich (Kirov Region); equal in size, but differing in their duration of existence.
About the Authors
M. N. VandyshevRussian Federation
Vandyshev Mikhail Nikolaevich — Candidate of Sciences in Sociology, Associate Professor, Department of Applied Sociology
Research interests: Memory Studies, Urban space
N. V. Veselkova
Russian Federation
Veselkova Natalya Vadimovna — Candidate of Sciences in Sociology, Associate Professor, Department of Applied Sociology
Research interests: Memory Studies, Urban space, Biographical approach
E. V. Pryamikova
Russian Federation
Pryamikova Elena Viktorovna — Doctor of Sciences in Sociology, Senior Researcher, Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Sociology and Cultural Studies
Research interests: Sociology of Education, Memory Studies, Urban space
References
1. Bulanov K. (2019) Putin named airports the names of prominent Russians. Vedomosti (https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2019/05/31/802989-putinaeroportam). — in Russ.
2. Vasiliev A. G. (2015) Memory studies in interwar Poland. Dialogue with time: almanac of intellectual history, M .: Akvilon: 195–226. — in Russ.
3. Vandyshev M. N., Veselkova N. V., Pryamikova E. V. (2019) Small and medium towns of the Urals: industriality as fate. Ways of Russia. The boundaries of politics. Sat. articles of the participants of the XXV International Symposium, March 30-31, 2018, Moscow: 172–187. — in Russ.
4. Vandyshev M. N., Pryamikova E. V., Veselkova N. V. (2022) Industrial memory: scales and plurality, Ekaterinburg: Publishing House of the Ural University (in print). — in Russ.
5. Veselkova N. V. (2022) Memorative Landscape: Experience of Methodological Reflection. Memorative Landscapes of Small Towns in Russia and Poland, Ekaterinburg: Publishing House of the Ural University: 50–61. — in Russ.
6. Veselkova N. V. (2020) The phenomenon of the school museum. Documentary heritage and historical science. Materials of the Ural Historical and Archival Forum dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the historical and archival specialty at the Ural University, Yekaterinburg: Ural University Publishing House: 104-111. — in Russ.
7. Veselkova N. V., Pryamikova E. V., Vandyshev M. N. (2016) Sites of Memory in Young Towns, Ekaterinburg: Ural University Press. — in Russ.
8. Veselkova N. V., Vandyshev M. N., Pryamikova E. V. (2016) The discourse of nature in young towns. Russian Sociological Review, 15 (1): 112-133. — in Russ.
9. Veselkova N. V., Vandyshev M. N., Pryamikova E. V. (2017) Young towns: the scale of places of memory. Russian Sociological Review, 16 (3): 36–65. — in Russ.
10. Ganyushkina E. A. (2013) Political Dimension of Historical Discourse in Runet: Dialogue between Reality and Virtuality. South Russian Journal of Social Sciences, 4: 93–105. — in Russ.
11. Historical information about the city of Kotelnich. The site of the municipal formation of the urban district of the city of Kotelnich. (https://kotelnich-omv.ru/). — in Russ.
12. History of the city. Local history page. Website of the library of Inta. (https://cbsinta.ru/history/index.html). — in Russ.
13. Каганский В. (2013) Как устроена Россия? Портрет культурного ландшафта. STRELKA, М.: Strelka Press: 50–72.
14. Kagansky V. (2013) How is Russia organized? Portrait of a cultural landscape. STRELKA, M.: Strelka Press: 50–72. — in Russ.
15. Krasil’nikova E. I. (2013) Historic Necropolis of Barnaul: Continuity of Traditions and Policy of Memory of Soviet Power (the End of 1919 — the Beginning of 1941). Historical, philosophical, political and legal sciences, cultural studies and art history. Questions of theory and practice, 1 (27): 109-113. — in Russ.
16. Krasil’nikova E. I. (2015) Remember not to forget ... Memorable places and commemorative practices in the cities of Western Siberia (late 1919 — mid 1941), Novosibirsk: IC NSAU “Golden Ear”. — in Russ.
17. Krikhtova T. M. (2014) Representation of Ethnicity in Monuments and Related Practices in the Levashovo Memorial Cemetery. Ethnographic Review, 2: 139–152. — in Russ.
18. Kryukova O. A. (2017) Organisation of La Francophonie’s Academic Landscape as a “Place of Knowledge”. Bulletin of Moscow University. Linguistics and intercultural communication, 3: 119–127. — in Russ.
19. Lefebvre A. (2015) Production of space, M.: Strelka press. — in Russ.
20. Lowenthal D. (2004) Proshloye — chuzhaya strana, SPb.: Vladimir Dal’. — in Russ.
21. Malevich K. (2004) Laziness as the real truth of humanity. Collection of op. T. 5, M.: Gilea: 178-187. — in Russ.
22. Mazur L. (2022) Preface. Memorial landscape: experience of methodological reflection. Memorative landscapes of small towns in Russia and Poland, Yekaterinburg: Publishing House of the Ural University: 12–14. — in Russ.
23. Malinova O. Yu. (2018) Substantiation of the policy of the 2000s in the discourse of V. V. Putin and the formation of the myth of the “dashing 90s”. Political Science, 3: 53–84. — in Russ.
24. Malofeevskaya L. N. (2004) City on the Big Inta, Syktyvkar — in Russ.
25. Mattiazen M. (2018) Own logic of urban landscapes of knowledge: about the dynamics of co-evolution in the development of cities and knowledge in urban knowledgescapes. Own logic of cities: new approaches in urbanism, Moscow: New Literary Review: 117–192. — in Russ.
26. Memorial cemetery for victims of the totalitarian regime in Abezi. GULAG Virtual Museum. (http://www.gulagmuseum.org/showObject. do?object=26491&language=1). — in Russ.
27. Olik J. (2012) Memory configurations: process-relational methodology illustrated by the example of Germany. Sociological Review, 11 (1): 40–74. — in Russ.
28. Olik J. K. (2018) Collective Memory: Two Cultures. “Memory is not a thing or an object. Memory is an ongoing process”. Interview with J. K. Olik. Historical Expertise, 4 (17): 22–49. — in Russ.
29. Hike to Jintui. Places of the Gulag. Leafing through the pages of our history. (https://vk.com/@tourist.club.pechora-pohod-na-dzhintui-mesta-gulaga-listayastranicy-nashei-istor). — in Russ.
30. Pryamikova E. V. (2022) Memory in a small town: an experience in the study of polar cases. Memorative Landscapes of Small Towns in Russia and Poland, Ekaterinburg: Publishing House of the Ural University: 61–72. — in Russ.
31. Rodoman B. B. (1971) Some ways of preserving the biosphere during urbanization. Bulletin of Moscow University. Geography, 3: 92-94. — in Russ.
32. Rodoman B. B. (1974) Polarization of the landscape as a means of preserving the biosphere and recreational resources. Resources, environment, resettlement, Moscow: The Science. — in Russ.
33. Rodoman B. B. (1985) Problems of preserving the diversity and beauty of agricultural landscapes. Agriculture and nature protection, Tartu: TSU: 26-30. — in Russ.
34. Rodoman B. B. (2002) Regional architecture and cultural landscape. Geography, 10: 3-6. (https://geo.1sept.ru/article.php?ID=200201002). — in Russ.
35. Rodoman B. B. (2002) Polarized biosphere, Smolensk: Oikumena. — in Russ.
36. Rodoman B. B. (2013) Polarized landscape. Socio-economic geography: concepts and terms. Reference dictionary, Smolensk: Oikumena: 178, 179. — in Russ.
37. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 31, 2019 No. 246 “On assigning names to airports of persons who have special services to the Fatherland”. (http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201905310002?index=0&rangeSize=1). — in Russ.
38. Halbwax M. (2005) Collective and historical memory. Emergency reserve, 2−3 (40−41): 8-27. — in Russ.
39. The resident population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2021. (https://rosstat.gov.ru/compendium/document/13282?print=1). — in Russ.
40. Shikhova O. N. (2022) The Role of a Virtual Museum as an Interpreter of the Hostorical-Cultural Memory of a Small Town. Memorative Landscapes of Small Towns in Russia and Poland, Ekaterinburg: Publishing House of the Ural University: 167–179. — in Russ.
41. Epple N. (2020) An Inconvenient Past: The Memory of State Crimes in Russia and Other Countries, Moscow: New Literary Review. — in Russ.
42. Yudin G. B., Khlevnyuk D. O., Maksimova A. S., Farkhatdinov N. G., Rozhansky M. Ya., Vasilieva E.Yu. (2017) What past does the future of Russia need? Analytical report on sociological research in the framework of the report of the Free Historical Society, M. (https://www.politstudies.ru/article/5446). — in Russ.
43. Alderman D. H., Dwyer O. D. (2014) A Primer on the Geography of Memory: The Site and Situation of Commemorative Landscapes. Commemorative Landscapes of North Carolina. Documenting the American South. University Library, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. (https://docsouth.unc.edu/commland/features/essays/alderman_two/)
44. Baguley M., Kerby M., Andersen N. (2021) Counter memorials and counter monuments in Australia’s commemorative landscape. A systematic literature review, Historical Encounters, 8 (1): 93-120. (https://doi.org/10.52289/hej8.308)
45. Baptist K. W. (2013) Reenchanting Memorial Landscapes: Lessons from the Roadside. Landscape Journal, 32 (1): 35–50. (doi:10.3368/lj.32.1.35)
46. DeLyser D. (1999) Authenticity on the Ground: Engaging the Past in a California Ghost Town. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 89 (4): 602–632.
47. Eichstedt J. L., Small, S. (2002) Representations of Slavery. Race, Ideology and Southern Plantations Museums, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
48. Fichter-Wolf H., Knorr-Siedow T. (2009) Border Experience and Knowledge Cultures: The Twin Cities of Frankfurt (Oder) and Słubice. DisP-The Planning Review, 45 (178): 7–21.
49. Graves M., Rechnewski E. (2017) Black Wars and White Settlement: the Conflict over Space in the Australian Commemorative. (http://journals.openedition.org/erea/5821; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/erea.5821)
50. Gundaker G. (2001) At home on the other side: African American burials as commemorative landscapes. Places of Commemoration: Search for Identity and Landscape Design, Washington: 25–54.
51. Hanna S. P., Hodder E. F. (2015) Reading the commemorative landscape with a qualitative GIS. Social memory and heritage tourism methodologies, New York.
52. Hanna S. P., Carter P. L., Potter A. E., Bright C. F., Alderman D. A., Modlin E. A., Butler D. L. (2019). Following the story: narrative mapping as a mobile method for tracking and interrogating spatial narratives, Journal of Heritage Tourism, 14 (1): 49–66.
53. Jacob Ch. (2007) Les lieux de savoir. Espaces et communautés, Paris: Albin Michel. Kaiser R., Nikiforova E. (2006) Borderland spaces of identification and dis/location: multiscalar narratives and enactments of Seto identity and place in the Estonian/ Russian borderlands. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 25: 928–958.
54. Khazanov A. M. (2008) Whom to Mourn and Whom to Forget? (Re)constructing Collective Memory in Contemporary Russia. Totalitarian Movementsand Political Religions, 9 (2-3): 293–310. (doi: 10.1080/14690760802094917)
55. Kathleen E., Smith (2019) A Monument for our Times? Commemorating Victims of Repression in Putin’s Russia, Europe-Asia Studies. (doi:10.1080/09668136.2019.1648765)
56. Lowenthal D. (1985) The past is a foreign country, Cambridge: University Press.
57. Rhodes M. (2019) The memory work of Welsh heritage: Multidimensional landscapes of a multinational Wales. PhD dissertation, Kent State University.
Review
For citations:
Vandyshev M.N., Veselkova N.V., Pryamikova E.V. Memorative Landscape: Concept and Experience. Sociology of Power. 2022;34(1):69-94. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22394/2074-0492-2022-1-69-94