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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2074-0492-2023-4-122-140</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-86</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Вывод к наилучшему объяснению» как методология социальной онтологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“Inference to the Best Explanation” as a Methodology of Social Ontology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5040-8897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевченко Валерий Сергеевич — преподаватель факультета социальных наук МВШСЭН, аспирант Школы философии и культурологии НИУ ВШЭ.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valerii S. Shevchenko — lecturer at the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences, postgraduate student at the School of Philosophy and Cultural Studies at the Higher School of Economics.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valerii.s.shevchenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Higher School of Economics<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>35</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>122</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевченко В.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевченко В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevchenko V.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/86">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/86</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается проблема натуралистической методологии социальной онтологии. Следуя анализу Кэтрин Хоули (2018), автор рассматривает три подхода: концептуальный анализ, амелиоративный (или нормативный) подход и вывод к наилучшему объяснению (от лучшей социальной науки к социальной онтологии). Хоули заключает, что только первые два могут обеспечить жизнеспособную натуралистическую социальную метафизику, а последний — нет. Автор, опираясь на идею натуралистических ограничений социальной онтологии, показывает, что лишь вывод к наилучшему объяснению способен привести к непротиворечивой реалистической социальной онтологии, поскольку эта методология избегает проблемы укорененности в понятиях, не имеющих эмпирического основания, что противоречит реализму, а также не предполагает нормативной прескрипции, также противоречащей реалистическому описанию мира. Проблему, приписываемую критиками выводу к наилучшему объяснению — нехватку предсказательно сильного теоретического ядра социальной теории, из которого происходит вывод к социальной онтологии, — можно решить путем удовлетворения трех критериев, согласно мысли Стивена Тёрнера (2007): физической реализуемости, вычислимости и когнитивного реализма. Автор предлагает реализовать их через внедрение натуралистических ограничений в теорию игр. Формальные модели координации, описываемые коррелированным равновесием, вкупе с эволюционными объяснениями когнитивных механизмов, ответственных за причинные процессы, делающие формально описываемую координацию возможной, могут послужить искомым теоретическим ядром, из которого можно вывести онтологию.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses the problem of the naturalistic methodology of social ontology. Following Katherine Hawley's (2018) analysis, the author considers three approaches: conceptual analysis, the ameliorative (or normative) approach, and inference to the best explanation (from best social science to social ontology). Hawley concludes that only the first two can provide a viable naturalistic social metaphysics, and the latter cannot. The author, drawing on the notion of naturalistic limitations of social ontology, shows that only a conclusion to the best explanation can lead to a consistent realistic social ontology; this methodology avoids the problem of being rooted in concepts that do not have an empirical basis, which contradicts realism, and also does not imply normative prescription, which also contradicts the realistic description of the world. The problem critics attribute to inference to the best explanation — the lack of a predictively strong theoretical core of social theory from which to infer social ontology — can be resolved by satisfying three criteria (Turner, 2007): physical realizability, computability, and cognitive realism. The author proposes to implement them through the introduction of naturalistic restrictions into game theory. Formal models of coordination described by a correlated equilibrium — coupled with evolutionary explanations of the cognitive mechanisms responsible for the causal processes that make formally described coordination possible — may provide the desired theoretical core from which ontology can be derived.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социальная онтология</kwd><kwd>вывод к наилучшему объяснению</kwd><kwd>методология социальной науки</kwd><kwd>научный реализм</kwd><kwd>теория игр</kwd><kwd>эволюционные объяснения</kwd><kwd>социальная координация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Social ontology</kwd><kwd>Inference to the best explanation</kwd><kwd>Methodology of social science</kwd><kwd>Scientific realism</kwd><kwd>Game theory</kwd><kwd>Evolutionary explanations</kwd><kwd>Social coordination</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bechtel W. 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