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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2074-04922024-3-77-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-7</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Причины войн и их роль в социальной эволюции: обобщение современных концепций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Causes of Wars and Their Role in Social Evolution: Generalization of Modern Concepts</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2362-541X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Розов</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Розов Николай Сергеевич — доктор философских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник Института философии и права Сибирского Отделения РАН; профессор кафедры международных отношений Новосибирского государственного технического университета</p><p>г. Новосибирск</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nrozov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт философии и права Сибирского отделения РАН; Новосибирский государственный технический университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; &#13;
Novosibirsk State Technical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>36</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Розов Н.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Розов Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Розов Н.С.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/7">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/7</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлен системный и исторический взгляд на войны с учетом обобщения современных концепций об их природе и причинах. Обобщение сделано на основе политико-социологического аппарата с такими базовыми понятиями, как «заботы» разного типа (включая «интересы», «мотивы», «цели», «ценности»), расширение схемы вызов-ответ (А. Тойнби), позитивное и негативное «подкрепление» (Торндайк-Скиннер), «обеспечивающие структуры» (А. Стинчкомб). Все заботы, связанные с войнами, имеют в своей основе социальные универсалии М. Вебера и М. Манна: могущество-безопасность, власть-доминирование, престиж-достоинство-легитимность, богатство-ресурсы-доступ к ресурсам. Рассмотрены геополитические заботы (относительно контроля над территориями), символические ставки и заботы поддержания международного порядка. Приоритетность соответствующих забот меняется как в долгой социальной эволюции, так и в краткосрочной динамике взаимодействий. Рассмотрена спиральная динамика как динамическая модель причины непреднамеренных войн, «которых никто не хотел». Соответствующие решения, действия правителей и элит, связанные с войной, проанализированы в контексте быстрого и медленного мышления по Д. Канеману. Общие принципы социального взаимодействия и социальной эволюции позволяют судить об условиях, повышающих и снижающих вероятность возникновения новых войн, а также о закономерностях динамики и прекращения войн. Объясняются эмпирические обобщения характеристик войн в мировой истории, сделанные современными специалистами (С. Ван Эвера, Г. Кэшман и др.). Показано, какую роль играют войны в коэволюции социальных, ментальных и техноприродных порядков, а также в целом в социальной эволюции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a systemic and historical view of wars taking into account the generalization of modern concepts about their nature and causes. The generalization is produced on the basis of a political and sociological apparatus with such basic concepts as: "concerns" of different types (including "interests", "motives", "goals", "values"), an extension of the challenge-response scheme (A. Toynbee), positive and negative "reinforcement" (Thorndike-Skinner), and "support structures" (A. Stinchcombe). All the concerns related to wars are based on the social universals of M. Weber and M. Mann: power-security, power-dominance, prestige-dignity-legitimacy, and wealth-resources-access to resources. Geopolitical concerns (regarding control over territories), symbolic stakes, and concerns with maintaining the international order are considered. The prioritization of relevant concerns changes in both the long run of social evolution and the short run of dynamics of interactions. The article considers spiral dynamics as a dynamic model of the cause of unintended wars "that no one wanted." Relevant decisions and actions of rulers and elites related to war are analyzed in the context of fast and slow thinking according to D. Kahneman. The general principles of social interaction and social evolution allow us to judge the conditions that increase and decrease the probability of new wars, as well as the regularities of the dynamics and termination of wars. Empirical generalizations of the characteristics of wars in world history made by modern specialists (S. Van Evera, G. Cashman, etc.) are discussed. It is shown what role wars play in the co-evolution of social, mental, and techno-natural orders, as well as in social evolution in general.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>причины войн</kwd><kwd>непреднамеренные войны</kwd><kwd>преднамеренные войны</kwd><kwd>социальная эволюция</kwd><kwd>роль войн в истории</kwd><kwd>социальные порядки</kwd><kwd>ментальные порядки</kwd><kwd>демократический мир</kwd><kwd>коллегиальное разделение власти</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>causes of wars</kwd><kwd>unintentional wars</kwd><kwd>intentional wars</kwd><kwd>social evolution</kwd><kwd>role of wars in history</kwd><kwd>social orders</kwd><kwd>mental orders</kwd><kwd>democratic world</kwd><kwd>collegial division of power</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Браун С. (2003) Почему люди воюют? Война и геополитика. 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