<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2074-0492-2024-2-78-96</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-68</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Понимаю, но не одобряю: Как люди, избегающие новостей, и думскроллеры воспринимают друг друга?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>May Understand, but Cannot Relate: How Do News Avoiders and Doomscrollers Perceive Each Other?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-2776</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казун</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazun</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казун Анастасия Дмитриевна — кандидат социологических наук, старший научный сотрудник Лаборатории экономико-социологических исследований, доцент факультета социальных наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia D. Kazun — PhD in Sociology, Senior Research Fellow at the Laboratory for Studies in Economic Sociology, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Social Sciences</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adkazun@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4758-7707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova </surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петрова Дарья Вячеславовна — стажер-исследователь Лаборатории экономико-социологических исследований</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria V. Petrova — Research Assistant at the Laboratory for Studiesin Economic Sociology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.petrova@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>36</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Казун А.Д., Петрова Д.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Казун А.Д., Петрова Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kazun A.D., Petrova  D.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/68">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/68</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются через призму фрагментации медиасреды и общества два противоположных тренда медиапотребления — избегание новостей и думскроллинг. Под избеганием новостей понимается сознательное ограничение потребления экономического или общественнополитического контента с целью поддержания эмоционального благополучия. Думскроллинг, в свою очередь, определяется как болезненное и избыточное внимание к негативным новостям. Исследование основывается на 91 полуструктурированном интервью, проведенном с информантами, различными по полу и возрасту, для которых характерны рассматриваемые стили потребления информационного контента. Полевой этап исследования проходил в период с 20 ноября 2022 по 30 марта 2023 года. Люди, избегающие новостей, и думскроллеры успешно реконструируют логики друг друга, благодаря рефлексии над своим опытом и взаимодействию с социальным окружением. Однако обе группы критикуют противоположный стиль медиапотребления. Думскроллеры считают избегающих новостей пассивными и недостаточно информированными, в то время как избегающие новостей обвиняют думскроллеров в зависимом поведении. В интервью часто встречаются нормативные суждения о необходимости потребления новостей или их избегания. Кроме того, каждая группа представляет другую как более уязвимую для дезинформации: избегающие новостей ассоциируются с  неинформированностью, а  думскроллеры  — с  риском поверить в ложные сообщения. Объединяет обе рассматриваемых группы тревога относительно будущего. Различия в объеме потребления новостей при этом объясняются разными подходами к управлению тревогой и оценкой полезности информации. Таким образом, думскроллинг и избегание новостей можно рассматривать как две стороны одной медали, поскольку они противоположны по своей сути, но вызваны одной и той же ситуацией. Вместе с тем такие разные стили медиапотребления способствуют дальнейшей фрагментации общества, увеличивая разрыв в степени осведомленности о текущих событиях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines two opposing media consumption trends—news avoidance and doomscrolling—through the lens of media environment and societal fragmentation. News avoidance refers to the conscious limitation of economic orsocio-political content consumption to maintain emotional well-being, while doomscrolling is defined as compulsive and excessive attention to negative news. The study is based on 91 semi-structured interviews with individuals exhibiting these media consumption styles. News avoiders and doomscrollers demonstrate the ability to understand each other’slogic through reflection on their own experiences and interactions with their social environment. However, both groups criticize the opposing media consumption style. Doomscrollers view news avoiders as passive and under-informed, whereas news avoiders accuse doomscrollers of addictive behavior. The interviewsfrequently reveal normative judgments about the necessity of consuming or avoiding news. Additionally, both groups perceive each other as more vulnerable to misinformation: news avoiders are associated with ignorance, while doomscrollers are seen as prone to believing false or biased media reports. A commonality between the two groups is anxiety about the future. The differences in news consumption volumes are explained by varied approachesto managing anxiety and assessing the usefulness of information. Thus, doomscrolling and news avoidance can be considered two sides ofthe same coin. However, these opposing media consumption styles contribute to furthersocietal fragmentation, widening the gap in awareness of current events.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>думскроллинг</kwd><kwd>избегание новостей</kwd><kwd>поляризация</kwd><kwd>медиа</kwd><kwd>потребление новостей</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>doomscrolling</kwd><kwd>news avoidance</kwd><kwd>polarization</kwd><kwd>media</kwd><kwd>news consumption</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>В работе использованы результаты проекта «Повседневные поведенческие практики россиян в условиях внешних шоков», выполненного в  рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ в 2024 г.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The results of the project “Russians’ Daily Social Practices under Exogenous Shocks”, carried out within the framework of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University) in 2024, are presented in this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казун А. (2023) «Они все равно меня находят»: медиапотребление людей, избегающих новостей. Вестник Московского университета. Серия 10: Журналистика, 48 (3): 3-25. EDN: NIPMIQ. https://doi.org/10.30547/vestnik.journ.3.2023.325</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazun A. (2023) “It Finds Me Anyway”: Media Consumption of News Avoiders. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya 10. Zhurnalistika, 48 (3): 3-25. https://doi.org/10.30547/vestnik.journ.3.2023.325 — in Russ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казун А. (2023). Есть ли выход из пузыря? Мотивы потребления идеологически чуждой информации думскроллерами. Полис. Политические исследования, (4): 168-181. https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2023.04.12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazun A. (2023) Is there a way out of the bubble? Motives for the consumption of ideologically diverse news by doomscrollers. Polis. Political Studies, (4): 168-181. https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2023.04.12 — in Russ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Липпман У. (2004) Общественное мнение. М.: Институт Фонда «Общественное мнение».</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lippmann W. (2004) Public Opinion. M.: Institute of the Public Opinion Foundation — in Russ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Максименко А., Дейнека О., Мортикова И. (2022) Инфодемический думскроллинг и психологическое благополучие россиян. Общество: социология, психология, педагогика, (12): 129-136. EDN: BOBTPA. https://doi.org/10.24158/spp.2022.12.20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maksimenko A., Deyneka O., Mortikova I. (2022) Infodemic Doomscrolling and the Psychological Well-Being of Russians. Society: Sociology, Psychology, Pedagogics. (12): 129–136. https://doi.org/10.24158/spp.2022.12.20 — in Russ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стукал Д., Ахременко А., Петров А. (2022) Аффективная политическая поляризация и язык ненависти: созданы друг для друга? Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология, 24(3): 480-498. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2022-24-3-480-498</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stukal D., Akhremenko A., Petrov P. (2022) Affective political polarization and hate speech: Made for each other? RUDN Journal of Political Science, 24(3): 480–498. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2022-24-3-480-498 — in Russ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">AfifiW.A., Weiner J.L. (2004) Toward a Theory of Motivated Information Management. Communication Theory, 14(2): 167–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2004.tb00310.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">AfifiW.A., Weiner J.L. (2004) Toward a Theory of Motivated Information Management. Communication Theory, 14(2): 167–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2004.tb00310.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aharoni T., Kligler-VilenchikN., Tenenboim-Weinblatt K. (2021) “Be Less of a Slave to the News”: A Texto-Material Perspective on News Avoidance among Young Adults. Journalism Studies, 22(1): 42–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2020.1852885</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aharoni T., Kligler-VilenchikN., Tenenboim-Weinblatt K. (2021) “Be Less of a Slave to the News”: A Texto-Material Perspective on News Avoidance among Young Adults. Journalism Studies, 22(1): 42–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2020.1852885</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barlow D.H., Durand V.M., Hofmann S.G. (2019) Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barlow D.H., Durand V.M., Hofmann S.G. (2019) Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benesch C. (2012) An Empirical Analysis of the Gender Gap in News Consumption. Journal of Media Economics, 25(3): 147–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2012.700976</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benesch C. (2012) An Empirical Analysis of the Gender Gap in News Consumption. Journal of Media Economics, 25(3): 147–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2012.700976</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boukes M., Vliegenthart R. (2017) News Consumption and Its Unpleasant Side Effect: Studying the Effect of Hard and Soft News Exposure on Mental Well-Being Over Time. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications, 29 (3): 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000224</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boukes M., Vliegenthart R. (2017) News Consumption and Its Unpleasant Side Effect: Studying the Effect of Hard and Soft News Exposure on Mental Well-Being Over Time. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications, 29 (3): 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000224</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buchanan K., Aknin L.B., Lotun S., Sandstrom G.M. (2021) Brief exposure to social media during the COVID-19 pandemic: Doom-scrolling has negative emotional consequences, but kindness-scrolling does not. PLoS ONE, 16(10): e0257728. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257728</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buchanan K., Aknin L.B., Lotun S., Sandstrom G.M. (2021) Brief exposure to social media during the COVID-19 pandemic: Doom-scrolling has negative emotional consequences, but kindness-scrolling does not. PLoS ONE, 16(10): e0257728. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257728</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chaffee S.H., Metzger M. J. (2001) The End of Mass Communication? Mass Communication and Society, 4(4): 365–379. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0404_3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chaffee S.H., Metzger M. J. (2001) The End of Mass Communication? Mass Communication and Society, 4(4): 365–379. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0404_3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cho J., Ahmed S., Hilbert M., Liu B., Luu J. (2020) Do Search Algorithms Endanger Democracy? An Experimental Investigation of Algorithm Effects on Political Polarization. Journal of Broadcasting &amp; Electronic Media, 64(2): 150–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2020.1757365</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cho J., Ahmed S., Hilbert M., Liu B., Luu J. (2020) Do Search Algorithms Endanger Democracy? An Experimental Investigation of Algorithm Effects on Political Polarization. Journal of Broadcasting &amp; Electronic Media, 64(2): 150–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2020.1757365</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clayton S. (2020) Climate anxiety: Psychologicalresponsesto climate change. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74: 102263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102263</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clayton S. (2020) Climate anxiety: Psychologicalresponsesto climate change. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74: 102263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102263</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Damstra A., Vliegenthart R., Boomgaarden H., Glüer K., Lindgren E., Strömbäck J., Tsfati Y. (2023) Knowledge and the News: An Investigation of the Relation Between News Use, News Avoidance, and the Presence of (Mis)beliefs. International Journal of Press/Politics, 28(1): 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211031457</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Damstra A., Vliegenthart R., Boomgaarden H., Glüer K., Lindgren E., Strömbäck J., Tsfati Y. (2023) Knowledge and the News: An Investigation of the Relation Between News Use, News Avoidance, and the Presence of (Mis)beliefs. International Journal of Press/Politics, 28(1): 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211031457</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edgerly S. (2022) The head and heart of news avoidance: How attitudes aboutthe news media relate to levels of news consumption. Journalism, 23(9): 1828–1845. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849211012922</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edgerly S. (2022) The head and heart of news avoidance: How attitudes aboutthe news media relate to levels of news consumption. Journalism, 23(9): 1828–1845. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849211012922</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enders A.M., Armaly M.T. (2019) The Differential Effects of Actual and Perceived Polarization. Political Behavior, 41: 815–839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-018-9476-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Enders A.M., Armaly M.T. (2019) The Differential Effects of Actual and Perceived Polarization. Political Behavior, 41: 815–839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-018-9476-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eveland W. P., Scheufele D.A. (2000) Connecting News Media Use with Gaps in Knowledge and Participation. Political Communication, 17(3): 215–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/105846000414250</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eveland W. P., Scheufele D.A. (2000) Connecting News Media Use with Gaps in Knowledge and Participation. Political Communication, 17(3): 215–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/105846000414250</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flaxman S., Goel S., Rao J.M. (2016) Filter Bubbles, Echo Chambers, and Online News Consumption. Public Opinion Quarterly, 80(s1): 298–320. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfw006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flaxman S., Goel S., Rao J.M. (2016) Filter Bubbles, Echo Chambers, and Online News Consumption. Public Opinion Quarterly, 80(s1): 298–320. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfw006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fletcher R., Nielsen R.K. (2018) Are people incidentally exposed to news on social media? A comparative analysis. New Media &amp; Society, 20(7): 2450–2468. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817724170</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fletcher R., Nielsen R.K. (2018) Are people incidentally exposed to news on social media? A comparative analysis. New Media &amp; Society, 20(7): 2450–2468. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817724170</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gil de Zúñiga, H., &amp; Cheng, Z. (2021). Origin and evolution of the News Finds Me perception: Review of theory and effects. Profesional De La información, 30(3). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2021.may.21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gil de Zúñiga, H., &amp; Cheng, Z. (2021). Origin and evolution of the News Finds Me perception: Review of theory and effects. Profesional De La información, 30(3). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2021.may.21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayes D., Lawless J. L. (2018) The Decline of Local News and Its Effects: New Evidence from Longitudinal Data. The Journal of Politics, 80(1): 332–336. https://doi.org/10.1086/694105</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayes D., Lawless J. L. (2018) The Decline of Local News and Its Effects: New Evidence from Longitudinal Data. The Journal of Politics, 80(1): 332–336. https://doi.org/10.1086/694105</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heiberger R., Majó-Vázquez S., Castro Herrero L., Nielsen R.K., Esser F. (2022) Do Not Blame the Media! The Role of Politicians and Parties in Fragmenting Online Political Debate. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 27(4): 910–941. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211015122</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heiberger R., Majó-Vázquez S., Castro Herrero L., Nielsen R.K., Esser F. (2022) Do Not Blame the Media! The Role of Politicians and Parties in Fragmenting Online Political Debate. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 27(4): 910–941. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211015122</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hilgartner S., Bosk C.L. (1988) The Rise and Fall of Social Problems: A Public Arenas Model. American Journal of Sociology, 94(1): 53–78. https://doi.org/10.1086/228951</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hilgartner S., Bosk C.L. (1988) The Rise and Fall of Social Problems: A Public Arenas Model. American Journal of Sociology, 94(1): 53–78. https://doi.org/10.1086/228951</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holman E.A., Garfin D.R., Silver R.C. (2014) Media’srole in broadcasting acute stress following the Boston Marathon bombings. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(1): 93–98. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1316265110</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holman E.A., Garfin D.R., Silver R.C. (2014) Media’srole in broadcasting acute stress following the Boston Marathon bombings. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(1): 93–98. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1316265110</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iyengar S., Hahn K. S. (2009) Red Media, Blue Media: Evidence ofIdeological Selectivity in Media Use. Journal of Communication, 59(1): 19–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01402.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iyengar S., Hahn K. S. (2009) Red Media, Blue Media: Evidence ofIdeological Selectivity in Media Use. Journal of Communication, 59(1): 19–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01402.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iyengar S., Sood G., Lelkes Y. (2012) Affect, Not Ideology: A Social Identity Perspective on Polarization. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(3): 405–431. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfs038</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iyengar S., Sood G., Lelkes Y. (2012) Affect, Not Ideology: A Social Identity Perspective on Polarization. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(3): 405–431. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfs038</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katz E. (1996) And Deliver Us from Segmentation. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 546 (1): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429347245-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katz E. (1996) And Deliver Us from Segmentation. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 546 (1): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429347245-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koselioren M., Cakir C. (2024) Drowning in a Sea of News: The Role of Doomscrolling, News Overload, and News Failure in the Relationship Between News Search on Social Media and News Avoidance in Natural Disaster Situations. Communication Studies, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2024.2328880</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koselioren M., Cakir C. (2024) Drowning in a Sea of News: The Role of Doomscrolling, News Overload, and News Failure in the Relationship Between News Search on Social Media and News Avoidance in Natural Disaster Situations. Communication Studies, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2024.2328880</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ksiazek T.B., Malthouse E.C., Webster J.G. (2010) News-seekers and Avoiders: Exploring Patterns of Total News Consumption Across Media and the Relationship to Civic Participation. Journal of Broadcasting &amp; Electronic Media, 54(4): 551–568. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2010.519808</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ksiazek T.B., Malthouse E.C., Webster J.G. (2010) News-seekers and Avoiders: Exploring Patterns of Total News Consumption Across Media and the Relationship to Civic Participation. Journal of Broadcasting &amp; Electronic Media, 54(4): 551–568. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2010.519808</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lachlan K.A., Spence P.R., Seeger M. (2009) Terrorist attacks and uncertainty reduction: Media use after September 11. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 1(2): 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/19434470902771683</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lachlan K.A., Spence P.R., Seeger M. (2009) Terrorist attacks and uncertainty reduction: Media use after September 11. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 1(2): 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/19434470902771683</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lind F., Boomgaarden H.G. (2019) What we do and don’t know: A meta-analysis of the knowledge gap hypothesis. Annals of the International Communication Association, 43(3): 210–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2019.1614475</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lind F., Boomgaarden H.G. (2019) What we do and don’t know: A meta-analysis of the knowledge gap hypothesis. Annals of the International Communication Association, 43(3): 210–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2019.1614475</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magin M., Geiß S., Stark B., Jürgens P. (2022) Common Core in Danger? Personalized Information and the Fragmentation of the Public Agenda. TheInternational Journal of Press/Politics, 27(4): 887–909. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211026595</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magin M., Geiß S., Stark B., Jürgens P. (2022) Common Core in Danger? Personalized Information and the Fragmentation of the Public Agenda. TheInternational Journal of Press/Politics, 27(4): 887–909. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211026595</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mannell K., Meese J. (2022) From Doom-Scrolling toNews Avoidance: LimitingNews as a Wellbeing Strategy During COVID Lockdown. Journalism Studies, 23(3): 302–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2021.2021105</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mannell K., Meese J. (2022) From Doom-Scrolling toNews Avoidance: LimitingNews as a Wellbeing Strategy During COVID Lockdown. Journalism Studies, 23(3): 302–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2021.2021105</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCombs M. (1977). Agenda setting function of mass media. Public Relations Review, 3(4): 89–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(77)80008-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCombs M. (1977). Agenda setting function of mass media. Public Relations Review, 3(4): 89–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(77)80008-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCombs M. (2014) Setting theAgenda: MassMedia andPublicOpinion. JohnWiley &amp; Sons.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCombs M. (2014) Setting theAgenda: MassMedia andPublicOpinion. JohnWiley &amp; Sons.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McLaughlin B., Gotlieb M.R., Mills D. J. (2022) Caughtin a Dangerous World: Problematic News Consumption and Its Relationship to Mental and Physical Ill-Being. Health Communication, 38(12): 2687–2697. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2022.2106086</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McLaughlin B., Gotlieb M.R., Mills D. J. (2022) Caughtin a Dangerous World: Problematic News Consumption and Its Relationship to Mental and Physical Ill-Being. Health Communication, 38(12): 2687–2697. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2022.2106086</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mutz D.C. (2001) Facilitating Communication across Lines of Political Difference: The Role of Mass Media. American Political Science Review, 95(1): 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055401000223</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mutz D.C. (2001) Facilitating Communication across Lines of Political Difference: The Role of Mass Media. American Political Science Review, 95(1): 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055401000223</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nisbet E.C., Cooper K.E., Garrett R.K. (2015) The Partisan Brain: How Dissonant Science Messages Lead Conservatives and Liberals to (Dis)Trust Science. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 658(1): 36–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716214555474</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nisbet E.C., Cooper K.E., Garrett R.K. (2015) The Partisan Brain: How Dissonant Science Messages Lead Conservatives and Liberals to (Dis)Trust Science. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 658(1): 36–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716214555474</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prior M. (2007) Post-Broadcast Democracy: How Media Choice Increases Inequality in Political Involvement and Polarizes Elections (Illustrated edition). Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prior M. (2007) Post-Broadcast Democracy: How Media Choice Increases Inequality in Political Involvement and Polarizes Elections (Illustrated edition). Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reid S.A. (2012) A Self-Categorization Explanation for the Hostile Media Effect. Journal of Communication, 62(3): 381–399. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01647.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reid S.A. (2012) A Self-Categorization Explanation for the Hostile Media Effect. Journal of Communication, 62(3): 381–399. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01647.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schneiders P. (2023) Newsfrom theUser’s Perspective: WithNaivety to Validity. Digital Journalism, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2023.2182804</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schneiders P. (2023) Newsfrom theUser’s Perspective: WithNaivety to Validity. Digital Journalism, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2023.2182804</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silver R.C., Holman E.A., Andersen J.P., Poulin M., McIntosh D.N., Gil-Rivas V. (2013) Mental- and Physical-Health Effects of Acute Exposure to Media Images of the September 11, 2001, Attacks and the Iraq War. Psychological Science, 24(9): 1623–1634. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612460406</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silver R.C., Holman E.A., Andersen J.P., Poulin M., McIntosh D.N., Gil-Rivas V. (2013) Mental- and Physical-Health Effects of Acute Exposure to Media Images of the September 11, 2001, Attacks and the Iraq War. Psychological Science, 24(9): 1623–1634. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612460406</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stroud N. (2008) Media Use and Political Predispositions: Revisiting the Concept of Selective Exposure. Political Behavior, 30(3): 341–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-007-9050-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stroud N. (2008) Media Use and Political Predispositions: Revisiting the Concept of Selective Exposure. Political Behavior, 30(3): 341–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-007-9050-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tandoc E.C., Jr., &amp; Kim, H.K. (2022). Avoiding real news, believing in fake news? Investigating pathways from information overload to misbelief. Journalism, 24(6): 1174-1192. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849221090744</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tandoc E.C., Jr., &amp; Kim, H.K. (2022). Avoiding real news, believing in fake news? Investigating pathways from information overload to misbelief. Journalism, 24(6): 1174-1192. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849221090744</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toff B., Nielsen R.K. (2018) “I Just Google It”: Folk Theories of Distributed Discovery. Journal of Communication, 68(3): 636–657. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqy009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toff B., Nielsen R.K. (2018) “I Just Google It”: Folk Theories of Distributed Discovery. Journal of Communication, 68(3): 636–657. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqy009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toff B., Palmer, R.A. (2019) Explaining the Gender Gap in News Avoidance: “NewsIs-for-Men” Perceptions and the Burdens of Caretaking. Journalism Studies, 20(11): 1563–1579. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1528882</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toff B., Palmer, R.A. (2019) Explaining the Gender Gap in News Avoidance: “NewsIs-for-Men” Perceptions and the Burdens of Caretaking. Journalism Studies, 20(11): 1563–1579. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1528882</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Aelst P., Strömbäck J., Aalberg T., Esser F., de Vreese C., Matthes J., Hopmann D., Salgado S., Hubé N., Stępińska A., Papathanassopoulos S., Berganza R., Legnante G., Reinemann C., Sheafer T., Stanyer J. (2017) Political communication in a high-choice media environment: A challenge for democracy? Annals oftheInternational Communication Association, 41 (1): 3–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2017.1288551</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Aelst P., Strömbäck J., Aalberg T., Esser F., de Vreese C., Matthes J., Hopmann D., Salgado S., Hubé N., Stępińska A., Papathanassopoulos S., Berganza R., Legnante G., Reinemann C., Sheafer T., Stanyer J. (2017) Political communication in a high-choice media environment: A challenge for democracy? Annals oftheInternational Communication Association, 41 (1): 3–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2017.1288551</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Dijk J., Hacker K. (2003) The Digital Divide as a Complex and Dynamic Phenomenon. The Information Society, 19(4): 315–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240309487</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Dijk J., Hacker K. (2003) The Digital Divide as a Complex and Dynamic Phenomenon. The Information Society, 19(4): 315–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240309487</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Webster J.G., Ksiazek T.B. (2012) The Dynamics of Audience Fragmentation: Public Attention in an Age of Digital Media. Journal of Communication, 62(1): 39–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01616.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Webster J.G., Ksiazek T.B. (2012) The Dynamics of Audience Fragmentation: Public Attention in an Age of Digital Media. Journal of Communication, 62(1): 39–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01616.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woodstock L. (2014) The news-democracy narrative and the unexpected benefits of limited news consumption: The case of news resisters. Journalism, 15(7): 834–849. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884913504260</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woodstock L. (2014) The news-democracy narrative and the unexpected benefits of limited news consumption: The case of news resisters. Journalism, 15(7): 834–849. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884913504260</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ytre-Arne B., Moe H. (2021) Doomscrolling, Monitoring and Avoiding: News Use in COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown. Journalism Studies, 22(13): 1739–1755. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2021.1952475</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ytre-Arne B., Moe H. (2021) Doomscrolling, Monitoring and Avoiding: News Use in COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown. Journalism Studies, 22(13): 1739–1755. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2021.1952475</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou X., Roberto A. J., Lu A.H. (2023) Understanding Online Health Risk Information Seeking and Avoiding during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Health Communication, 38(3): 532–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2021.1958981</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou X., Roberto A. J., Lu A.H. (2023) Understanding Online Health Risk Information Seeking and Avoiding during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Health Communication, 38(3): 532–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2021.1958981</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
