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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2074-0492-2003-3-8-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-63</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Контроверзы — искоренимое зло или неизбежное благо? Динамика отношений науки и общества в перспективе социального конструктивизма и акторно-сетевой теории</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Are Public Controversies an Eradicable Evil or an Inevitable Good? Exploring the Dynamics of the Science-society Relationship from a Social Constructivist and Actor-network Perspective</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2485-996X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ляпугина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyapugina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ляпугина Наталия Александровна — магистр социологии, аспирантка Европейского университета в Санкт-Петербурге</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia Lyapugina — Master of Sociology, postgraduate student at the European University at St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nlyapugina@eu.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Европейский университет в Санкт-Петербурге</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>European University at St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>35</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ляпугина Н.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ляпугина Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lyapugina N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/63">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/63</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние полвека в отношениях науки и общества произошли серьезные изменения. Безоговорочное принятие научной экспертизы сменилось оспариванием научного авторитета и публичными социотехническими контроверзами. Социальные исследователи стали прилагать усилия по осмыслению произошедших изменений и поиску путей разрешения напряжений в отношениях науки и общества. Эти усилия во многом подготовили трансформации в научно-технической политике, начавшиеся на рубеже XX–XXI веков. Однако контроверзы не ушли в прошлое. В статье автор производит сравнительный анализ объяснений вышеозначенной динамики отношений науки и общества в подходах социального конструктивизма и акторно-сетевой теории. Перспектива социального конструктивизма — наиболее авторитетное объяснение в исследованиях общественного вовлечения в науку (Public Engagement with Science, PES) и научной коммуникации. В ней динамика взаимоотношений науки и общества рассматривается через обращение к локальным социальным идентичностям гетерогенных публик и их экспертизе, которые противостоят институционально закрепленным допущениям науки. Эта перспектива легла в основу модели диалога — основного ориентира в поле современной научной коммуникации. В то же время объяснение акторно-сетевой теории, апеллирующее ко все более глубокому кризису деления между специалистами и неспециалистами, находится, скорее, на периферии исследовательского внимания. Для представления подходов автор обращается к ключевым работам Мишеля Каллона и Брайана Уинна. Сравнение выстраивается вокруг трех основных линий: 1) каковы причины оспаривания научного авторитета и возникновения контроверз; 2) как должна выстраиваться научно-техническая политика; 3) какова роль социальных ученых в динамике отношений науки и общества. В результате сравнения аргументов двух подходов демонстрируется, что исследования PES и научной коммуникации незаслуженно игнорируют акторно-сетевую теорию — продуктивный подход к анализу и решению ключевых проблем этих областей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The last half century has brought great changes to the science-society relationship. Unconditional acceptance of scientific expertise has been replaced by challenges to scientific authority and public socio-technical controversies. Social researchers have made efforts to understand the tensions in science and society relationship, trying find ways to resolve them. These efforts have broadly contributed to transformations in science and technology policy that got underway at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries. However, controversies have not faded into the past. In this article, the author provides a comparative analysis of the explanations of the above-mentioned dynamics of the science-society relationship in social constructivism and actor-network theory. The explanation of social constructivism is the most accredited perspective in Public Engagement with Science (PES) and science communication studies. It considers the dynamics of the science-society relationship by appealing to the local social identities of heterogeneous publics and their expertise, opposed to institutionalized assumptions of science. This perspective formed the basis of the dialogue model which is the primary reference point for modern science communication. In contrast, the explanation provided by actor-network theory, which highlights a deepening crisis of the division between specialists and non-specialists, remains, rather, on the periphery of scholarly attention. To introduce the approaches, the author refers to the key works of Michel Callon and Brian Wynne. The comparison is arranged around three main lines: 1) what are the reasons for challenging scientific authority and the emergence of public controversies; 2) how science and technology policy should be built; 3) what role social scientists play in the dynamics of the science-society relationship. By contrasting the arguments of the two approaches, it is demonstrated that scholarly disregard of actornetwork theory in PES and science communication studies is unmerited, as it has potential for addressing and resolving the major issues in these domains.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>научная коммуникация</kwd><kwd>общественное вовлечение в науку</kwd><kwd>акторно-сетевая теория</kwd><kwd>социальный конструктивизм</kwd><kwd>общественное понимание науки</kwd><kwd>публичные контроверзы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>science communication</kwd><kwd>public engagement with science</kwd><kwd>actornetwork theory</kwd><kwd>social constructivism</kwd><kwd>public understanding of science</kwd><kwd>public controversies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каллон М., Меадель С., Рабехарисоа В. (2008) Экономика качеств. 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