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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2074-0492-2024-3-60-76</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-6</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Цивилизационный анализ в исторической социологии и объяснения «советского коллапса»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Civilizational Analysis in Historical Sociology and Explanations of the “Soviet Collapse"</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1323-0935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масловский</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslovskiy</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Масловский Михаил Валентинович — доктор социологических наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Maslovskiy — Doctor of Sciences (Sociology), Professor, Lead researcher</p><p>St.-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.maslovskiy@socinst.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Социологический институт РАН — филиал ФНИСЦ РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Sociological Institute of Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>36</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Масловский М.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Масловский М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maslovskiy M.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/6">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/6</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена анализу попыток объяснения крушения советской версии модерна и распада СССР в (пост)советологии и исторической социологии. Отмечается, что исследования (пост)советологов, как правило, отличались определенной степенью идеологической ангажированности. Пример «советского коллапса» использовался ими для подтверждения ранее сформулированных подходов к изучению советской истории. Вместе с тем во многих случаях в фокусе их внимания оказывались ближайшие предпосылки этого события, но не долгосрочные исторические процессы. Преодолеть недостатки такого подхода позволяет обращение к исторической социологии. В статье рассмотрены прогноз распада СССР, предложенный Р. Коллинзом, и анализ советской версии модерна в трудах Й. Арнасона. Оба социолога характеризовали советский коллапс в контексте длительной исторической динамики. Если неовеберианская концепция Коллинза демонстрирует определенный геополитический детерминизм, то Арнасон выделяет многообразные факторы динамики альтернативной версии модерна. В первой половине 1990-х гг. Арнасон использовал применительно к советской системе свою модель имперской модернизации, но в дальнейшем он в большей степени подчеркивал цивилизационные аспекты коммунистической версии модерна. Это проявилось и в его оценке крушения советской модели модерна. В литературе, посвященной «советскому коллапсу», нередко встречается противопоставление СССР и Китая, причем акцент обычно делается на структурных и в особенности экономических факторах. Но, как указывается в статье, для целостного понимания происходивших в Китае трансформационных процессов требуется обращение к сфере культуры, на чем настаивает социологический цивилизационный анализ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article deals with attempts to explain the collapse of the Soviet version of modernity — and the disintegration of the USSR — in (post)-Sovietology and historical sociology. It is argued that (post)-Sovietological studies were often characterized by a certain degree of ideological bias. In these studies, the example of “Soviet collapse” was generally used for a confirmation of earlier approaches to Soviet history. At the same time, they mostly focused on the immediate preconditions of that event rather than on long-term historical processes. The shortcomings of this approach can be overcome if we draw on historical sociology. The article considers the prediction of disintegration of the USSR offered by Randall Collins and Johann Arnason's analysis of the Soviet version of modernity. Both sociologists characterized the Soviet collapse in the context of long-term historical dynamics. While Collins's approach demonstrates a peculiar geopolitical determinism, Arnason singles out various factors of the dynamics of the alternative version of modernity. In the first half of the 1990s, Arnason applied his model of imperial modernization to the Soviet system, but later emphasized the civilizational aspects of communist modernity. This can also be seen in his evaluation of the Soviet collapse. In the literature on Soviet collapse, a contrast between the USSR and China is often highlighted, with structural and particularly economic factors being commonly highlighted. In contrast, the article argues that — for a comprehensive understanding of transformation processes in China — we need to consider the cultural sphere by drawing on sociological civilizational analysis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>историческая социология</kwd><kwd>цивилизационный анализ</kwd><kwd>советология</kwd><kwd>коммунизм</kwd><kwd>модерн</kwd><kwd>СССР</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>historical sociology</kwd><kwd>civilizational analysis</kwd><kwd>sovietology</kwd><kwd>communism</kwd><kwd>modernity</kwd><kwd>USSR</kwd><kwd>China</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Статья подготовлена в рамках проекта РНФ 23-1801067 «Образы, концепты, проекты и модели цивилизационного развития российского общества».</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The article was prepared within the framework of the RSF project 23-18-01067 “Images, concepts, projects and models of civilizational development of Russian society”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арнасон Й. 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