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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2074-0492-2022-2-96-124</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-48</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Образ Великого инквизитора в государстве и в революции. Политическая теология Ф.М. Достоевского и Н.А. Бердяева</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Image of the Grand Inquisitor in State and in Revolution. The Political Theology of Dostoevsky and Berdyaev</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2917-136X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харитонов</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharitonov</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимофей Ильич Харитонов, магистр экономических наук, магистрант, стажер-исследователь</p><p>Гуманитарный факультет; Международная лаборатория русско-европейского интеллектуального диалога</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timofey I. Kharitonov, Msc in Economics, Master student, intern-researcher</p><p>Faculty of Humanities; International Laboratory of the Russo-european Intellectual Dialogue </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tipchak2011@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>124</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Харитонов Т.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Харитонов Т.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kharitonov T.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/48">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/48</self-uri><abstract><p>   Политика и религия всегда очень тесно переплетались в произведениях Ф. М. Достоевского, но в его «Легенде о Великом инквизиторе» связь этих двух сфер человеческой жизни рассматривается на гораздо более глубоком фундаментальном уровне. Критикуя католичество и социализм, Достоевский нередко указывает на прямую историческую преемственность между религиозными и политическими концепциями, но помимо такой линейной политической теологии в его философии можно увидеть и более сложное представление о сущности политической власти, которое исследователи Достоевского (например, Николай Бердяев) часто имеют в виду, но не формулируют напрямую, а теоретики политической теологии (например, Карл Шмитт) отмечают эксплицитно, но только вскользь. В этом отношении неизбежно встает вопрос о подробном и эксплицитном политико-теологическом прочтении «Легенды о Великом инквизиторе» Достоевского. Так как идеология инквизитора предполагает, что люди должны подчиниться ему по своей собственной воле, то три искушения, лежащие в основании его власти, можно воспринимать не только как некие порабощающие соблазны, но и как пункты нового общественного договора, в рамках которого суверен-инквизитор принимает на себя ответственность за посюстороннее спасение людей, отдавших ему свободу. В рамках подобной интерпретации соблазн Великого инквизитора можно увидеть во всяком земном авторитете, и отстаивание абсолютной свободы личности в собственном мировоззрении Достоевского, таким образом, неизбежно предполагает указание на порочность всякой посюсторонней власти, всякой институции, подавляющей свободу человека в обмен на земное благо. Николай Бердяев развивает эти политическо-теологические интуиции Достоевского уже на конкретном примере советского государства, которое, по его мнению, в наибольшей степени выражает дух Великого инквизитора. Бердяев указывает на центральное значение трех инквизиторских искушений в контексте «религии социализма» и отождествляет трагедию Великого инквизитора, угнетающего личность под видом ее освобождения, с крахом советскогопросвещенчества.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Politics and religion have always been very closely intertwined in all the writings of Dostoevsky, but in his “Legend of Grand inquisitor” this connection is explored in a more fundamental manner for the first time. Apart from the idea of a direct causal relationship between religious and political concepts, quite prominent in the writings of Dostoevsky, The Legend of Grand inquisitor contains a more complex inquiry concerning the nature of political power in general. The researchers of Dostoevsky who have spotted this line of inquiry could not formulate it explicitly, and the political theologists who gave it an explicit formulation did not fully explain or develop it further. As such, a detailed and explicit politico-theological interpretation of Dostoevsky’s The Grand Inquisitor have not yet been formulated. The Grand inquisitor urges the people to submit to him voluntarily; thus, the three temptations — which form the foundation of his power — can be interpreted not only as certain instruments of enslavement, but also as elements of a social contract that would allow the sovereign-inquisitor to take responsibility for the salvation of people who relinquished their freedom to him. This interpretation also implies that the temptation of the Grand inquisitor is prominent in any earthly authority. Dostoevsky’s own proclamation of personal freedom would consequently also lead him to claim that any earthly power — any institution that exchanges earthly goods for human freedom — is wrong and unnecessary. Nicolai Berdyaev further develops these politico-theological intuitions of Dostoevsky as a critique of the Soviet government, which he claims to be the closest representation of the Grand Inquisitor in human history. Berdyaev points to the central role of the inquisitor’s three temptations in the formation of a “religion of socialism” and also draws an association between the tragedy of the Grand inquisitor — whose utopian intentions only lead to the further enslavement of people — with the failure of the Soviet enlightenment project.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Великий инквизитор</kwd><kwd>политическая теология</kwd><kwd>Достоевский</kwd><kwd>Бердяев</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Grand inquisitor</kwd><kwd>Political theology</kwd><kwd>Dostoevsky</kwd><kwd>Berdyaev</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование осуществлено в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The research was carried out within the framework of the HSE Fundamental Research Program</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бердяев Н. 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