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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">BCISXB</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-387</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ. СОЦИОЛОГИЯ ЗАБОТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES. SOCIOLOGY OF CARE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Селективный взгляд: политика заботы в специализированных интернатах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Selective Gaze: The Politics of Care in Specialized Orphanages</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1822-1026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алтухова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Altukhova</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алтухова Анна Николаевна — PhD candidate, независимая исследовательница</p><p>Берлин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Altukhova — PhD candidate, independent researcher</p><p>Berlin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ann.tract@gmail.com</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>38</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алтухова А.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алтухова А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Altukhova A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/387">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/387</self-uri><abstract><p>Эта статья, основанная на материалах, собранных в одной российской школе-интернате для детей с «легкой умственной отсталостью», рассказывает о том, как государственные реформы последнего десятилетия в области охраны семьи, инвалидности и образования переживались сотрудниками коррекционного интерната. Статья утверждает, что, оставаясь своеобразными «островками социализма», государственные интернаты долгое время после распада СССР позволяли сотрудникам существовать внутри воспитательной системы, все еще основанной на дисциплине, верности порядку и трудовой этике, но главное — на исключении и селекции, работа которых поддерживалась паттернами институционального взаимодействия. В этой статье автор обрисовывает как причины, так и сами трансформации, которые в конечном итоге произошли с воспитательными и образовательными методами, практикуемыми в подобных учреждениях, чтобы показать то, как сотрудники государственных интернатов были вынуждены переосмыслить свое место в обществе, цели и смысл работы и, прежде всего, заботу. Автор утверждает, что главный объект заботы, с точки зрения служащих самого интерната, это вовсе не воспитанники и их будущее, но воображаемое общество, которое должно быть освобождено от «лишних» и «посторонних» элементов, а именно детей с проблемным поведением и другими состояниями, которые внутри институционального договора могут получать психиатрическое измерение. Фокусируясь на фантазиях о грядущей и неизбежной социальной катастрофе, с одной стороны, и на фантазиях о когда-то существовавшем порядке, теперь ностальгически переживаемом, автор рассуждает о воображении как о механизме производства идеологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article, drawing on materials from a boarding school for children with “mild intellectual disabilities,” investigates how recent reforms over the past decade in family welfare, disability, and education have impacted staff at a specialized boarding institution. It argues that, as “islands of socialism,” state-run boarding schools persisted long after the USSR’s dissolution, allowing staff to operate within an educational system rooted 25 in discipline, loyalty, and work ethic—but, above all, in the principles of exclusion and selection, sustained by entrenched patterns of institutional interaction. The article explores the causes and recent changes in the educational and pedagogical methods of these institutions, illustrating how staff have been forced to reevaluate their societal role, the purpose of their work, and the concept of care itself. The author argues that, from the staff’s viewpoint, the primary focus of care is not the orphans or their future but an imagined society needing cleansing of “external” and “useless” elements—such as children with problematic behaviors or conditions that, within the institutional context, may be categorized as psychiatric issues. By examining fantasies of an imminent social catastrophe and nostalgic visions of a former social order, the author reflects on how imagination functions as a mechanism for producing ideological beliefs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сиротство</kwd><kwd>интернат</kwd><kwd>инвалидность</kwd><kwd>забота</kwd><kwd>ностальгия</kwd><kwd>фантазия</kwd><kwd>государство</kwd><kwd>государственные служащие</kwd><kwd>исключение</kwd><kwd>реформа интернатов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>orphans</kwd><kwd>specialized institutions</kwd><kwd>disabilities</kwd><kwd>care</kwd><kwd>nostalgia</kwd><kwd>fantasy</kwd><kwd>state-making</kwd><kwd>exclusion</kwd><kwd>selection</kwd><kwd>civil servants</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование было профинансировано Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) как часть проекта «NORMAL#VERRÜCKT Zeitgeschichte einer erodierenden Differenz».</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) as part of the project “NORMAL#VERRÜCKT Zeitgeschichte einer erodierenden Differenz”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алешина М. 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