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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2074-0492-2022-4-128-155</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-35</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Труд и власть в российской модели платформенного капитализма</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Labor and Power in the Russian Model of Platform Capitalism</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-4617</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевчук</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchuk</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевчук Андрей Вячеславович — кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры экономической социологии; старший научный сотрудник Лаборатории экономико-социологических исследований (ЛЭСИ)</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Shevchuk — Associate Professor, Department of Economic Sociology; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Economic and Sociological Research (LESI)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shevchuk@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">НИУ ВШЭ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">HSE<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>3-4</issue><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>155</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевчук А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевчук А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevchuk A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/35">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/35</self-uri><abstract><p>По мере диджитализации экономики и общества в мире появляются различные вариации «платформенного капитализма». В статье представлена первая попытка критического осмысления модели «гиг-экономики», которая складывается в современной России. Проблематизируя нарративы, доминирующие в зарубежных исследованиях платформенной занятости, автор демонстрирует укорененность процессов платформизации в сложившейся хозяйственной системе. В отличие от стран с развитой рыночной экономикой, «трудовые платформы» в России являются частью гигантских платформенных экосистем, контролируемых олигархическим бизнесом и государством, которое в ходе «ползучей национализации» усиливает свое влияние через структуры собственности и управления. В ключевых секторах платформенной занятости формируются квазимонополии с доминированием одной компании. В условиях геополитической напряженности завершается процесс «суверенизации» и замыкания платформенной экономики. Осуществив успешную платформизацию неформальных рынков труда в некоторых секторах, платформы становятся инструментом легализации занятости в руках государства, движимого преимущественно фискальными интересами. В России формируется либеральная модель регулирования гиг-экономики на основе правового закрепления категории самозанятых при отсутствии должного внимания к трудовым правам и социальной защите работников. В условиях укрепления авторитарного характера государственной власти возможности самоорганизации и коллективного отстаивания интересов платформенных работников блокируются. Автор делает вывод, что в российской модели «платформенного капитализма» государство вступает в альянс с крупным капиталом и потребителями против труда: государство усиливает контроль за экономикой и налоговыми поступлениями, крупные платформенные компании с меньшими издержками используют рабочую силу, а потребители получают дешевые услуги посредством удобных цифровых сервисов. Автор призывает интегрировать проблематику платформенного капитализма в более широкие дискуссии о российской модели социально-экономического развития.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>With the digitalization of the economy and society, varieties of “platform capitalism” appeared in the world. The article presents the first attempt at a critical understanding of the “gig economy” model that is taking shape in contemporary Russia. By problematizing the narratives that dominate foreign studies of platform employment, the author shows the embeddedness of platformization in the current economic system. Unlike countries with a developed market economy, labor platforms in Russia are part of giant platform ecosystems controlled by oligarchic businesses and the state, which, in the course of “creeping nationalization”, increases its influence through ownership and management structures. In key sectors of platform employment, quasi-monopolies are formed with the dominance of one company. In the context of geopolitical tensions, the process of “sovereignization” and the closure of the platform economy is being completed. Having successfully platformized informal labor markets in some sectors, platforms are becoming a tool for the legalization of employment in the hands of the state, driven primarily by fiscal interests. In Russia, a neoliberal model of regulation of the gig economy is being formed based on the legal introduction of the category of ‘self-employed’ in the absence of due attention to labor rights and the social protection of workers. With the strengthening of the authoritarian nature of the state, the possibilities of self-organization and collective defense of the interests of platform workers are blocked. The author concludes that in the Russian model of “platform capitalism”, the state enters an alliance with big capital and consumers against labor: the state strengthens control over the economy and tax revenues, large platform companies use labor at lower costs, and consumers receive cheap services through convenient digital services. The author calls for an integration of the issues of platform capitalism into broader discussions about the Russian model of socio-economic development.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социология труда</kwd><kwd>цифровые платформы</kwd><kwd>гиг-экономика</kwd><kwd>неформальная занятость</kwd><kwd>самозанятость</kwd><kwd>профсоюзы</kwd><kwd>модели капитализма</kwd><kwd>российская экономика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sociology of work</kwd><kwd>digital platforms</kwd><kwd>gig economy</kwd><kwd>informal employment</kwd><kwd>self-employment</kwd><kwd>trade unions</kwd><kwd>models of capitalism</kwd><kwd>Russian economy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бессонова О. Э. (2006) Раздаточная экономика России: Эволюция через трансформации, М.: РОССПЭН.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bessonova O. E. 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