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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">MECJXC</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-349</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ. ТЕОРИИ НАСИЛИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES. THEORIES OF VIOLENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Как катастрофа становится коллективной травмой: насилие и социальный порядок в дюркгеймианской перспективе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>How Disaster Becomes Collective Trauma: Violence and Social Order from a Durkheimian Perspective</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3228-0708</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочков</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bochkov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бочков Дмитрий Андреевич — MA in Sociology and Social Anthropology, исследователь в центре медицинской антропологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Bochkov — MA in Sociology and Social Anthropology, is a researcher at the Center for Medical Anthropology at the N.N. Miklouho-Maclay </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimitr.bochkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт этнологии и антропологии РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>37</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бочков Д.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бочков Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bochkov D.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/349">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/349</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье прослеживается генезис одной из первых социологических концепций травмы — модели «коллективной травмы» Кая Эриксона, разработанной в рамках послевоенной американской социологии катастрофы (sociology of disaster). Социологическое понимание травмы, которое наследует психологической концептуализации, сформировавшейся в исследованиях боевой психической травмы и ПТСР, анализируется через различение социального и (квази)естественного порядка. Парадокс социологии катастрофы заключается в том, что ее представители часто наблюдали в катастрофах не распад, а всплеск социальной солидарности и альтруизма, который описывался в дюркгеймианских терминах. Эриксон, напротив, зафиксировал в случае с катастрофой в Буффало-Крик (1972) масштабные разрушения социальных связей, для объяснения которых и разработал концепт «коллективной травмы». Теоретическое различение Эриксоном «катастрофы» и «травмы» стало возможным благодаря двум взаимосвязанным ходам. Во-первых, это импорт субъекта насилия из психологической концептуализации травмы, которая, как показано в статье, всегда находилась под влиянием социально-экономических факторов, связанных с выплатами пострадавшим. В случае с прорывом дамбы в Буффало-Крик роль субъекта насилия играла угледобывающая компания, ответственная за обслуживание дамбы. Во-вторых, это реанимация изначального дюркгеймовского понимания насилия как аномии, патологического распада норм и морали, который разворачивается во время нарушения социального порядка. В то время как другие представители социологии катастрофы ушли от такого понимания насилия, которое отсылает к гоббсианскому естественному порядку, Эриксон использовал его для концептуального описания катастрофы с нехарактерно высоким для своего времени числом жертв, которая привела к тотальному распаду сообщества.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines the genesis of a foundational concept in the sociology of trauma — Kai Erikson's theory of collective trauma — which emerged in the context of the post-war American sociology of disaster. This field presented a curious paradox: rather than observing social collapse, scholars frequently documented a surge of community solidarity and altruism in the wake of disaster, phenomena they interpreted through a Durkheimian lens. Erikson’s seminal study of the 1972 Buffalo Creek flood revealed a profound unraveling of the social fabric — a condition he theorized as collective trauma. This distinction between disaster and trauma was achieved through two maneuvers. The first was the importation of a subject of violence from the psychological conceptualization of trauma — a framework that, as the article demonstrates, was itself deeply influenced by socio-economic factors concerning victim compensation. In the case of the Buffalo Creek dam collapse, this agent of violence was the coal mining company responsible for the dam’s maintenance. The second maneuver was the resuscitation of Durkheim’s original notion of violence as anomie — a pathological dissolution of norms and morality that unfolds during a collapse of the social order. While other disaster sociologists had moved away from this understanding of violence — which evokes a Hobbesian state of nature — Erikson used this Durkheimian lens to conceptually articulate the aftermath of a disaster marked by an unusually high number of casualties for its time, which resulted not in solidarity but in the total disintegration of the community.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коллективная травма</kwd><kwd>ПТСР</kwd><kwd>катастрофа</kwd><kwd>насилие</kwd><kwd>Дюркгейм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>collective trauma</kwd><kwd>PTSD</kwd><kwd>disaster</kwd><kwd>violence</kwd><kwd>Durkheim</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Статья подготовлена в рамках проекта РНФ № 25-18-00901</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The article was prepared within the framework of the RSF project No. 25-18-00901</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александер Дж. 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