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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2074-0492-2022-4-72-101</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-33</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Жизнь, смерть и политическое: экзистенциальные основания учений Томаса Гоббса и Карла  Шмитта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Life, Death, and the Political: Existential Foundations of Thomas Hobbes’s and Carl Schmitt’s Teachings</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5333-2816</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бродский</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brodskiy</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Игоревич Бродский — старший преподаватель кафедры гуманитарных дисциплин Института общественных наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">brodskiy-vi@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>3-4</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бродский В.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бродский В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Brodskiy V.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/33">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/33</self-uri><abstract><p>Политические учения Томаса Гоббса и Карла Шмитта обнаруживают фундаментальные онтологические конструкции, отражающие генезис, становление и уничтожение политического бытия. В статье прослеживаются сходства и различия онтологических оснований двух политических проектов. Особенностями используемого подхода являются опора на теоретический анализ изображения, размещенного на обложке трактата «Левиафан», а также привлечение концептуального аппарата проекта Homo sacer итальянского мыслителя Джорджо Агамбена. Использование данной оптики позволяет содержательно охарактеризовать политическое значение наличного народа (народа, составленного из живых людей) в рамках учений Гоббса и Шмитта и зафиксировать значительное расхождение двух проектов в этом аспекте. Фиксируется тот факт, что политическое существование в системе координат философии Гоббса предполагает тотальную деполитизацию наличного народа. Делается вывод, что условием, создающим и поддерживающим данную конструкцию (и потому обладающим онтологическим значением), является жизнь представителей наличного народа. Обеспечение ее безопасности сувереном потенциально сохраняет его собственную жизнь и признание со стороны подданных. Исследование учения Шмитта обнаруживает политическую значимость наличного народа как соучастника производства политической воли в рамках аккламационных процедур. Поскольку политическая воля в контексте философии Шмитта мыслится исключительно в контексте политической вражды, необходимым горизонтом которой является вооруженное противостояние, делается вывод о том, что политическая значимость наличного народа сопряжена с готовностью его представителей умереть на войне. В связи с тем, что политическое существование, согласно Шмитту, генерируется в рамках принятия решения о коллективном враге (потенциальной стороне вооруженного конфликта), соучастником которого является наличный народ, исходящая от его представителей решимость принятия перспективы собственной смерти должна быть рассмотрена как ключевой фактор политической онтологии Карла Шмитта. На этом фоне предполагается, что проект «Бытия и времени» Мартина Хайдеггера может быть рассмотрен в качестве шмиттовской неписаной онтологии индивидуального бытия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The political teachings of Thomas Hobbes and Carl Schmitt imply fundamental ontological structures that reflect the processes of the genesis, assertion, and destruction of political being. The article investigates similarities and differences between these political projects. The approach applied by the author is marked by a reliance on the theoretical analysis of the Leviathan’s frontispiece and by employing the conceptual framework of Giorgio Agamben’s Homo sacer project. The application of these theoretical optics helps to evaluate the political significance of the present people (the people composed of living human beings) in Hobbes’s and Schmitt’s contexts and to detect the notable difference between the two projects. The article highlights that political existence presupposes the total depoliticization of the present people in the framework of Hobbes’s philosophy. It is argued that the security of the present people’s life becomes an underlying condition for the mentioned construction (and is therefore ontologically significant). The provision of security potentially saves the sovereign’s own life and guarantees recognition by the subjects. An investigation of Schmitt’s teaching reveals the political significance of the present people. Since — according to Schmitt — political will is understood only in the context of political enmity (the necessary “horizon” of which is armed confrontation), it is concluded that the political significance of the present people is closely associated with its members’ readiness to die in the war. Due to the fact that political existence is generated through the decision on the public enemy (in which the present people might be involved via acclamation procedures), the resoluteness toward death that underlies this decision must be considered as the key factor of Carl Schmitt’s political ontology. In light of this statement, it is argued that the project of Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time could be considered as Carl Schmitt’s “unwritten” ontology of the individual being. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Гоббс</kwd><kwd>Шмитт</kwd><kwd>«Левиафан»</kwd><kwd>политическая философия</kwd><kwd>политическая онтология</kwd><kwd>жизнь</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>смерть</kwd><kwd>война</kwd><kwd>Агамбен</kwd><kwd>Хайдеггер</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Hobbes</kwd><kwd>Schmitt</kwd><kwd>Leviathan</kwd><kwd>political philosophy</kwd><kwd>life</kwd><kwd>security</kwd><kwd>death</kwd><kwd>war</kwd><kwd>Agamben</kwd><kwd>Heidegger</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агамбен Д. (2011a) Homo sacer. Суверенная власть и голая жизнь, М.: Издательство «Европа».</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agamben G. 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