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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">OHFOIP</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-324</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Политическая реакция как «пассивная революция»: попытка концептуализации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political Reaction as Passive Revolution: Attempting a Conceptualization</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симакова</surname><given-names>Марина А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simakova</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сотрудник факультета социологии и философии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research assistant, Department of Sociology and Philosophy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.a.simakova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Европейский университет в Санкт-Петербурге<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">European University at St Petersburg<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Симакова М.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Симакова М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Simakova M.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/324">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/324</self-uri><abstract><p>Данная статья посвящена исследованию феномена политической реакции, систематическое изучение которого фактически отсутствует в области социальных и гуманитарных наук. Автор предлагает критическое описание этого феномена на основе построения его краткой исторической и понятийной генеалогии. История понятия «реакции» и его интеграции в политический словарь восходит к интеллектуальной истории рецепции Просвещения, в результате чего утверждается генетическая связь реакции и революции, а также реакции и прогрессизма. Автор формулирует наиболее типичные подходы к пониманию и применению понятия политической реакции: историко-хронологический и дискурсивный. Примеры, иллюстрирующие применение обоих подходов, позволяют обнаружить и описать политические установки, которые могут быть описаны как «реакционные», а также проанализировать их идеологическое и идейное содержание. Согласно историко-хронологическому подходу, политическая реакция понимается как рефлекс, т.е. как прямое следствие революционных преобразований или реформ, выраженное в попытке возвращения к исходному порядку. Согласно дискурсивному подходу, реакция может пониматься негативно (отрицание изменений) и аффирмативно (утверждение ранее дискредитированных социально-политических установок). Делается вывод, что отказ от преобразований не является ни условием, ни идейным принципом реакционного режима, движения или риторики. В силу ограничений существующих подходов, не позволяющих учесть многообразие факторов, обусловливающих политическую реакцию как комплексное явление социальной-политической жизни, автор предлагает альтернативный способ его концептуализации. Так, идейным принципом реакции является защита порядка, детерминирующего характер социальных изменений и ограничивающего участие в их осуществлении. Условием возникновения реакции оказывается возникновение различных политических и экономических вызовов, в результате которых господствующий социальный порядок трансформируется в целях его укрепления. В этой связи реакция определяется как «пассивная революция» в соответствии с концепцией, предложенной Антонио Грамши для описания модернизации, проводимой в целях удержания гегемонии элит и перехвата запроса на социальное и политическое изменение.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article investigates the phenomenon of political reaction - a topic that has rarely been the subject of systematic study. Political reaction is described here in the context of its brief historical and conceptual genealogy. The history of the concept of "reaction” and its inclusion in the political vocabulary dates back to the events of the French Revolution and the Enlightenment. This explains why there is a genetic relation between both reaction and progressivism and between reaction and revolution. The author distinguishes two typical approaches to the concept of political reaction and its application: historico-chronological and discursive. Examples that illustrate the usage of these approaches reveal various political attitudes which can be described as "reactionary”, and serve as a basis for the analysis of their ideological and conceptual content. According to the historico-chronological approach, political reaction is understood as a reflex phenomenon that is a direct consequence of revolutionary change or reform; this reflex is represented by an attempt at restoring the order that preceded its transformation. According to the discursive approach, political reaction can be understood as negative (negation of change) or affirmative (assertion of the socio-political attitudes that were discredited). The article demonstrates that the rejection of change is neither the necessary condition nor the principle of a reactionary regime or rhetoric. Since the two presented approaches are limited and do not take into account a variety of factors determining reaction as a complex phenomenon of social and political life, the article offers an alternative approach to its conceptualization. A key principle of political reaction consists in the protection of order which defines the character of social change and limits political participation in the process of this change. Political reaction is conditioned by political and socio-economic challenges, which demands the transformation of the dominant social order for the sake of its reinforcement. In this context, political reaction is defined as a "passive revolution” within the framework offered by Antonio Gramsci for describing modernization that aims at preserving the hegemony of the elites and the appropriation of popular demand for social and political change.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>реакция</kwd><kwd>революция</kwd><kwd>Грамши</kwd><kwd>прогресс</kwd><kwd>риторика</kwd><kwd>идеология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reaction</kwd><kwd>revolution</kwd><kwd>Gramsci</kwd><kwd>progress</kwd><kwd>rhetoric</kwd><kwd>ideology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арендт X. (2011) О революции, Moscow: Европа.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arendt H. (2011) O revoliutsii. 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