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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">YMCUPJ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-312</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фабрики «темных» ответов, или четыре негативных свойства современных опт-ин онлайн-панелей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“Dark Answer” Factories or Four Negative Features of Modern Opt-in Online Panels</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогозин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogozin</surname><given-names>Dmitry M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат социологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, заведующий Лабораторией методологии социальных исследований Института социального анализа и прогнозирования </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in sociology, Head of the Laboratory for Social Research Methodology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rogozin@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>РАНХиГС</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>RANEPA</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рогозин Д.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рогозин Д.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rogozin D.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/312">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/312</self-uri><abstract><p>Лабораторией методологии социальных исследований ИнСАП РАНХиГС в течение 2018 года проведена серия экспертных интервью с руководителями и специалистами компаний, работающих на рынке онлайн-исследований. Предметом обсуждений стали опт-ин онлайн-панели - наиболее востребованный и динамично развивающийся метод проведения онлайн-опросов. Выделены четыре негативные свойства, характеризующие современные российские онлайн-панели. Во-первых, доминирование юридической фактографии, или правового описания социальных явлений в ущерб экспериментальным средствам наблюдения. Формализм и стандартизация процедур работают на переопределение социального и методического фактов в юридический, согласно которому качество определяется соответствием предустановленной процедуре и законодательным нормам, а не здравому смыслу или научным критериям. Во-вторых, панельные опросы перенасыщены сфальсифицированными данными, ответами, сформулированными в ироничной, игровой тональности, не отвечающей требованиям опросной индустрии. Базовым психологическим состоянием всех участников опроса выступает недоверие по отношению к искренности друг друга. Игра по затемнению недоверия есть один из элементов культуры фальсификаций, направленной на легитимацию устоявшегося порядка. В-третьих, сформировался институт уклонения от ошибок, игнорирование и замалчивание регулярных смещений, редактирование и чистка массивов без сохранения первоначальных следов фальсификаций. Наконец, в-четвертых, основные игроки исследовательского рынка демонстрируют механику затемнения данных и существенно снижают эвристичность получаемой информации. Критическое описание онлайн-панелей, представленное в статье, направлено на переосмысление развития цифровых исследований в опросной отрасли, обозначение вызовов и точек роста для методической культуры сбора и анализа данных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 2018, the Laboratory for Social Research Methodology (The Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting, RANEPA) held a series of expert interviews with managers and experts from companies operating in the online research market. The topic of discussion was the online opt-in panel as the most popular and dynamic method of conducting online surveys. There are four negative features that characterize modern Russian online panels. First, there is a prevalence of legal descriptions of facts and social phenomena as opposed to experimental means of observation. Formalism and standardization of procedures work to redefine social and methodological facts into legal ones. According to the latter, quality is determined by compliance with a preestablished procedure and legal norms, but not with common sense or scientific criteria. Second, panel surveys are oversaturated with falsified data and answers formulated in an ironic, playsome manner that does not meet the requirements of the survey industry. The basic psychological state of all survey participants is distrust towards each other’s sincerity. The game of obscuring mistrust is peculiar to the culture of falsification aimed at legitimizing the established order. Third, there is an already formed institution of evading errors, ignoring and silencing regular shifts, editing and cleaning arrays without preserving the original traces of falsification. Finally, the main actors of the research market demonstrate the mechanics of blackout data and significantly reduce the heu-risticity of the information received. The critical description of the online panels presented in the article aims to rethink the development of digital research in the survey industry, identifying challenges and opportunities for the methodological culture of data collection and analysis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>качество данных</kwd><kwd>онлайн-исследования</kwd><kwd>опт-ин онлайн-панели</kwd><kwd>цифровые исследования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>data quality</kwd><kwd>online research</kwd><kwd>opt-in online panel</kwd><kwd>digital research</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Адаму Б., Беркс Д. (2016) Использование исследовательских игр вместо геймифицированных опросов. 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