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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">VKAHIC</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-297</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фандомы — сообщества цифровой эпохи: гибридная культура в околоспортивном измерении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fandoms — Communities of the Digital Age: Hybrid Culture in the “NearSports” Dimension</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быховская</surname><given-names>Ирина М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykhovskaya</surname><given-names>Irina M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор философских наук, профессор, профессор Института естествознания и спортивных технологий.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Professor Dr.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bykirina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Люлевич</surname><given-names>Ирина Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyulevich</surname><given-names>Irina Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат педагогических наук, доцент Института естествознания и спортивных технологий</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinl@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский городской педагогический университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow City Pedagogical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Быховская И.М., Люлевич И.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Быховская И.М., Люлевич И.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bykhovskaya I.M., Lyulevich I.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/297">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/297</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена обзору актуальных направлений в изучении фандомов как явления эпохи экспансии медиакультуры и, в частности, фандомов, связанных со спортом. Интенсивное развитие цифровых технологий сместило фокус внимания fan studies на формы организации фан-сообществ/фан-культур, которые возникли и поддерживаются благодаря принципиально новым коммуникативным возможности. Возникновение фандомов как особой субкультуры и среды совместного творчества в среде поклонников литературных произведений, телесериалов, комиксов и компьютерных игр стало ярким феноменом и в околоспортивном пространстве. Реализация групповых интересов и потребностей с помощью новых технологий породила особый тип сообществ - медиафандомов. В статье рассматривается, как в условиях цифрового общества трансформируются ключевые проблемы fan studies: вопросы идентичности, соотношения субкультуры и доминирующей культуры, пересечения фан-культуры и массовой/популярной культуры, культурного производства и потребления. Рассмотрен один из важных атрибутов жизни фандомов - так называемое креативное потребление, в том числе в такой его форме, как «текстовое браконьерство». Анализ фан-творчества и его продуктов (артефактов) выявляет тенденцию к гибридности, которая проявляется в освоении артефактов других субкультурных сообществ и как следствие - в размывании границ собственно спортивных фандомов. Деятельность фандомов рассматривается в перспективе «экономики дара/дарения» (gift economy) как адекватной модели для описания безвозмездной кооперации, креативного производства и распространения фан-продукции. Рассмотрены такие особенности спортивных цифровых фандомов, как «запойное смотрение» и «ожидание»/«предвкушение»; лиминальность этих сообществ за счет ситуативного/событийного включения людей, не в полной мере разделяющих субкультурные ценности. Описаны агрессивные формы противостояния «чужим фандомам» в виртуальном пространстве (формирование «хейтдомов»), порождаемые как спецификой фан-культуры, так и соревновательной природой самого спорта.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the consideration of actual trends in the study of fandoms as a phenomenon of the media culture expansion era, and in particular, fandoms related to sports. The intensive development of digital technologies has shifted the focus of fan studies to the forms of organization of fan communities/fan cultures that are born and supported by these technologies, providing radically new communication opportunities. The emergence of fandom as a particular subculture and the field of joint creative activities occurred among the fans of concrete stories and writers, television series, comic books and computer games, and became a bright phenomenon in the nearsports area. The implementation of group interests and needs using new technologies has created a special type of community - mediafandoms. The article examines how the key problems of fan studies are transformed in the digital society: identity problems, the relationship between the subculture and the dominant culture, the intersection of fan culture and mass/popular culture, cultural production and consumption. One of the attributes of fandom life - the so-called creative consumption, including such a form as "text poaching" - is under consideration too. Analysis of fan-creativity and its products (artifacts) reveals a tendency to hybridism, manifested in the erosion of the boundaries of sporting fandoms and their interchange with the creativity of other subcultural communities. The activity of fandom is considered in the perspective of the "gift economy" as an adequate model for describing gratuitous cooperation, creative production and distribution of fan products (which is typical for a large part of the fandom). Concerning the characteristics of sports / nearsports digital fandoms, we pay attention to their participants' "binge-watching", "expectation" and "foretaste"; the liminality of these communities because of situational/eventual inclusion of people who do not share subcultural values in general. Also considered the aggressive forms of confrontation with "others'/aliens' fandom” in the virtual space, the "hatedoms” formation which are generated both by the specific nature of this fan culture and, to some extent, by the competitive nature of the sport itself.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спорт</kwd><kwd>«околоспорт»</kwd><kwd>субкультура</kwd><kwd>фанат</kwd><kwd>фан-сообщество</kwd><kwd>фандом</kwd><kwd>медиафандом</kwd><kwd>fan studies</kwd><kwd>фан-культура</kwd><kwd>креативное потребление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sports</kwd><kwd>“nearsport”</kwd><kwd>subculture</kwd><kwd>fan</kwd><kwd>fan community</kwd><kwd>fandom</kwd><kwd>media fandom</kwd><kwd>fan studies</kwd><kwd>fan culture</kwd><kwd>creative consumption</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бауман З. 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