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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ZDDCZF</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-286</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Усмирение дикаря: теистические эволюционисты XIX века о детях и воспитании</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Taming the Savage: The 19th-Century Theistic Evolutionists on Children and Education</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Храмов</surname><given-names>Александр В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a-hramov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Khramov</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khramov</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD in biology, postdoctoral researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in biology, postdoctoral researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a-hramov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ОЦАД<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">SS Cyril and Methodius School<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">SS Cyril and Methodius School<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Храмов А.В., Khramov A.V., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Храмов А.В., Khramov A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Храмов А.В., Khramov A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/286">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/286</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлен анализ суждений теистических эволюционистов XIX века о детстве и воспитании в контексте истории эволюционной мысли. К теистическим эволюционистам относят мыслителей, понимавших эволюцию не только как естественный процесс, но и как проявление творческой активности Бога. Автор демонстрирует, что в своем понимании детства теистические эволюционисты фактически возвращаются к пуританской модели, в соответствии с которой детям от рождения свойственна испорченность, а функция воспитательного процесса состоит в том, чтобы вывести их из этого состояния и приобщить к морали и цивилизации. В отличие от пуритан к подобному выводу теистических эволюционистов, которые по большей части отрицали учение о первородном грехе, подтолкнул не религиозный, а научный фактор. Ключевую роль в понимании детства у теистических эволюционистов, как и у других представителей эволюционистского лагеря, сыграла теория рекапитуляции. Согласно этой теории, в процессе индивидуального развития организм повторяет эволюционную историю своих предков. Отсюда эволюционисты заключали, что ребенок в первые годы жизни находится на стадии дикости и варварства, через которую прошло все человечество. Как показывает автор, первым, кто еще в додарвиновскую эпоху взглянул на проблему воспитания детей в свете теории рекапитуляции, был теистический эволюционист Роберт Чемберс. В работах позднейших теистических эволюционистов не раз встречается утверждение, что дети - маленькие дикари, чьи животные инстинкты подлежат усмирению и контролю. Как показано в статье, подобные взгляды органично вписываются в более широкую традицию понимания детства, сложившуюся в рамках западной цивилизации Нового времени.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the paper is to analyze the positions on children and education expressed in the writings of the 19th-century theistic evolutionists in the general context of the history of evolutionary thought. Theistic evolutionists considered evolution not as an exclusively natural process, but as a creative activity on the part of God. The author shows that theistic evolutionists in fact returned to the Puritan understanding of childhood, which assumes that a child is wicked from the very moment of his birth and that the principal end of education is to free him from this state and show him the way to moral life and civilization. However, most of the theistic evolutionists rejected the traditional doctrine of original sin. Thus, their conclusion about the depravity of children was based not on religious—but on scientific grounds. The understanding of childhood in theistic evolutionism, as well as in evolutionism in general, revolved around the theory of recapitulation. The theory states that an organism— in the course of its individual development — repeats the evolution of its ancestors. Theistic evolutionists concluded from this theory that a child lives in a state of savagery and barbarism during his first years, much like the whole human race used to do many thousand years ago. The author demonstrates that Robert Chambers, an early theistic evolutionist, was the first to look at the problem of child education from the point of view of recapitulation theory. Theistic evolutionists of the later period repeatedly reaffirmed that children were no more than little savages whose animal impulses need to be tamed and kept under control. The author points out that these ideas fit quite well with more general notions of childhood as these emerged in the Western civilization of the modern era. While the theistic evolutionists were not wholly original in their application of recapitulation theory to children, they made an important contribution to the development and popularization of this attitude. In particular, the theistic evolutionist Robert Chambers was the first who came to assess child development from the evolutionary point of view.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>детство</kwd><kwd>теория эволюции</kwd><kwd>Дарвин</kwd><kwd>рекапитуляция</kwd><kwd>расизм</kwd><kwd>психология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>childhood</kwd><kwd>theory of evolution</kwd><kwd>recapitulation</kwd><kwd>racism</kwd><kwd>psychology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дарвин Ч. (1953) Выражение эмоций у животных и человека. Сочинения. Т. 5, М.: Изд-во АН СССР.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Darwin C. (1953) The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Writings. 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