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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">QSMYAS</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-285</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Что значит быть  несовершеннолетним?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>What Does it Mean to Be a Minor?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дуденкова</surname><given-names>Ирина В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат философских наук, доцент кафедры теоретической социологии и эпистемологии</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinafild@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Dudenkova</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudenkova</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Associate Professor (Docent)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor (Docent)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinafild@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">РАНХиГС<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">RANEPA<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">RANEPA<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дуденкова И.В., Dudenkova I.V., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дуденкова И.В., Dudenkova I.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Дуденкова И.В., Dudenkova I.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/285">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/285</self-uri><abstract><p>Правовая и социальная проблема определения совершеннолетия имеет серьезные теоретические предпосылки. В статье раскрываются причины и значение противоречия, которое заложено в современных практиках родительства и правовых практиках защиты детей. С одной стороны, ребенок мыслится как объект защиты и покровительства, с другой - наблюдается тенденция к расширению круга прав детей. Анализ категории дееспособности, на основании которой проводится различие между ребенком и взрослым, показывает, что ее можно свести к двум историческим трактовкам способности как возможности действовать: возможность действительности, предложенную Аристотелем или действительность возможности, способность быть субъектом самоопределения, изобретенную Кантом. Правовой порядок призна ния несовершеннолетним игнорирует указанные аспекты возможности, поэтому правовой статус ребенка становится проблематичным. Категория «порядок признания» позволяет выделить важное измерение связи взрослых и детей, которое «невидимо» для права: дети социально институциализированы не только как юные (puer), но и как дочери и сыновья (filius). Анализ родительства в качестве социального порядка признания не дает возможности однозначно решить проблему совершеннолетия; выросшие дети никогда не перестают быть детьми для своих родителей. Однако разграничение порядков признания необходимо для того, чтобы, во-первых, уклониться от необходимости решать намеченное противоречие между двумя трактовками возможности действовать для ребенка. Во-вторых, из-за смешения порядков признания возникает возможность мыслить ребенка как радикального агента, фактически суверена, поскольку его автономия может быть обусловлена сугубо биологическим фактом рожденности. Это порождает проблему регуляции не правовых отношений взрослых и детей, а именно правового разграничения порядков признания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The legal and social problem of determining the age of majority has serious theoretical roots. The article reveals the causes and significance of the controversy surrounding modern parenting practices and the legal practices of child protection: on the one hand, the child is thought of as an object of protection and patronage; on the other, there is a trend towards the expansion of children’s rights. An analysis of the category of legal competence—on the basis of which the distinction between child and adult is made—shows that it can be boiled down to two historical interpretations of competence as the ability to act: the potentiality of actuality, proposed by Aristotle, or the actuality of potentiality, the ability to be a subject of self-determination, proposed by Kant. The legal procedure for the recognition of minors ignores these aspects, rendering the legal status of the child problematic. The category of the “order of recognition” makes it possible to single out an important but opaque category for the law: the connection between adults and children. Children are socially institutionalized not only as the young (puer), but also as daughters and sons (filius). The analysis of parenthood as a social order of recognition does not make it possible to unambiguously solve the problem of adulthood; grown-up children never cease to be children for their parents. However, a distinction between the orders of recognition is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, to avoid the need to solve the intended contradiction between the two interpretations of the possibility of acting for the child. Secondly, because of the commixture of the orders of recognition, it is possible to think of a child as a radical agent—in fact, a sovereign—since their autonomy may be due to a purely biological fact of birth. This raises the problem of regulating not the legal relations between adults and children, but the legal distinction between the orders of recognition.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>совершеннолетие</kwd><kwd>дееспособность</kwd><kwd>возможность</kwd><kwd>субъект</kwd><kwd>порядок признания</kwd><kwd>натальность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>age of majority</kwd><kwd>legal competence</kwd><kwd>possibility</kwd><kwd>sujet</kwd><kwd>order of recognition</kwd><kwd>natality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агамбен Дж. (2011) Homo sacer. Суверенная власть и голая жизнь. 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