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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">XDQQRY</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-278</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕВОДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRANSLATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структурные кризисы против ситуаций (политических) кризисов: бурдьевистский подход</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structural Crises vs. Situations of (Political) Crisis: A Bourdieuan Approach</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2791-186X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сапиро</surname><given-names>Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sapiro</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сапиро Жизель — PhD, Высшая школа социальных наук; Национальный центр научных исследований (Европейский центр социологии и политических наук).</p><p>Париж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gisèle Sapiro — PhD, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Centre Européen de sociologie et de science politique).</p><p>Paris</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Высшая школа социальных наук</institution><country>Франция</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales</institution><country>France</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>37</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>214</fpage><lpage>239</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сапиро Ж., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сапиро Ж.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sapiro G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/278">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/278</self-uri><abstract><p>Теория Бурдье предлагает несколько понятий, которые могут быть использованы для анализа кризисов. В первой части этой статьи я описываю то, что Бурдье называет «кризисами воспроизводства»: они разворачиваются на долго- или среднесрочных промежутках времени, но могут спровоцировать эндогенный политический кризис, как в случае событий мая 1968 года. Во второй части статьи я комбинирую теорию Бурдье о государственной монополии на символическое насилие с понятиями «политизации» и «фазовой гармонизации», использованными им в анализе «критического момента» мая 1968 года, и применяю их для описания разных форм политических кризисов, вызванных экзогенными факторами — государственными переворотами, военной оккупацией или колониализмом, чтобы прояснить, как они могут влиять на индивидов, группы и поля. На примере поля французской литературы во время немецкой оккупации Франции я демонстрирую, как благодаря процессу политизации происходит фазовая гармонизация социального поля с полем политики. Различные типы описанных мной кризисов объединяет борьба за монополию на символическое насилие. Чтобы изучить такие символические столкновения, интенсифицирующиеся в ситуациях кризиса, в заключении статьи я предлагаю понятие аксиологических операторов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Bourdieu’s theory offers several concepts to analyze crises. In the first part of this article I study what Bourdieu calls « reproduction crises », which unfold on a long- or medium-term basis, but can provoke an endogenous political crisis, like that of May 68. In the second part, Bourdieu’s theory of the state as monopolizing symbolic violence and the notions of «politicization» and «phase harmonization» he uses in his analysis of the May 68 “critical moment” are combined and applied to other types of political crisis, resulting from exogenous factors such as coup, war, military occupation, or colonialism, in order to understand how they affect individuals, groups and fields. The case of the French literary field during the German occupation serves as an example of the phase harmonization of a social field with the political field, through its politicization. Common to all these types of crises, beyond their differences, is the occurrence of ideological struggles around the monopoly of symbolic violence. In the conclusion, the concept of axiological operators is proposed to study those symbolic struggles that intensify in conjunctures of crisis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кризис</kwd><kwd>теория полей</kwd><kwd>поле политики</kwd><kwd>политизация</kwd><kwd>символическое насилие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>crisis</kwd><kwd>field theory</kwd><kwd>political field</kwd><kwd>politicization</kwd><kwd>symbolic violence</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Я хотела бы поблагодарить Жерома Бурдье, Алихана Месци и анонимных рецензентов за их полезные комментарии к этой статье, а также выразить свою благодарность Марине Уркуиди и Эллиоту Вейнингеру за стилистические правки.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baczko A. 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