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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">JOEKJG</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-262</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тайна и социальное: от антропологии конфиденциальности к социологии секретности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Mystery and the Social: From an Anthropology of  Confidence2  to a Sociology of Secrecy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойко</surname><given-names>Алексей К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>MA in Sociology, аспирант</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alxyboiko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Boyko</surname><given-names>Alexey K.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyko</surname><given-names>Alexey K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MA in Sociology, PhD student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alxyboiko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">University of Manchester, РАНХиГС<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="en">RANEPA<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>138</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бойко А.К., Boyko A.K., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бойко А.К., Boyko A.K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Бойко А.К., Boyko A.K.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/262">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/262</self-uri><abstract><p>Основная теоретическая цель статьи — разработать рамку исследования социальных функций секретного знания, прослеживая связь между типом социальной структуры и способом установления асимметрии информации. Статья реконструирует историю противостояния между различными социологическими традициями описания секретности и формирования понятия «тайны» в ходе этого противостояния. Обращение к антропологическим исследованиям и их интерпретациям позволяет показать, как менялось представление о происхождении и функциях примитивных религиозных секретных обществ. Использование понятия тайны для описания этих обществ было ограничено Дюркгеймом, и идея тайного была сведена к необходимому эмоциональному коллективному опыту—ритуалу умалчивания. Тайна не может быть описана как ресурс господства или торга в теоретическом языке Дюркгейма, а также его последователей. Статья показывает, как это ограничение преодолевается в социальной теории Зиммеля с использованием различения формальных и содержательных секретов. Проведение границы между секретами двух порядков позволяет говорить о секретности как особой социальной форме, прослеживаемой в конкретных практиках передачи знания безотносительно его содержания. Обобщая результаты эмпирических исследований разнообразных секретных обществ, мы можем лучше проследить отношение между социальной морфологией и соответствующим механизмом передачи секретного знания. Тип коммуникации и стратегия обращения с секретным знанием попадает в зависимость от формы социальной организации сообществ. В заключение статьи предложена систематизация разных типов коммуникаций в секретных обществах и типов их социальных структур. Схематически изображенная классификация дает возможность описывать социальную динамику секретного знания, связывая эти два параметра.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The main theoretical goal of the paper is to develop a new framework for the study of social functions of secret knowledge by establishing the relationship between types of social structure and the way of establishing asymmetry of information. The paper reconstructs the history of the confrontation between different sociological traditions regarding the understanding of secrecy and the formation of the concept of “mystery” during the course of this confrontation. By summarizing the results of empirical studies of different secret societies, we can now more explicitly trace the relationship between social morphology and the corresponding transfer mechanism of secret knowledge. Using material from anthropological research, I will demonstrate how the Durkheimian tradition of the theoretical understanding of the origin and functions of primitive religious secret societies limited our understanding of secrecy to a necessarily emotional collective experience of the ritual. Georg Simmel’s sociology of secrecy, by employing the distinction between formal and substantive secrets, offers a more fruitful theoretical frame. This theory allows us to understand and empirically investigate secrecy as a special social form, visible in a number of specific practices of the transfer of knowledge, regardless of its hidden content.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>секрет</kwd><kwd>тайна</kwd><kwd>секретность</kwd><kwd>конфиденциальность</kwd><kwd>секретные общества</kwd><kwd>Зиммель</kwd><kwd>Дюркгейм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>secret</kwd><kwd>mystery</kwd><kwd>secrecy</kwd><kwd>confidence</kwd><kwd>secret societies</kwd><kwd>Simmel</kwd><kwd>Durkheim</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Болтански Л. (2019). Тайны и заговоры. По следам расследований. пер. с фр. А.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boltanski L. 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