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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">UVIBHS</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-261</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Populus: рождение, смерть и воскрешение политического  субъекта (от Цицерона до Гоббса)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Populus: the Birth, Death and Resurrection of the  Political Subject (from Cicero to Hobbes)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марей</surname><given-names>Александр В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат юридических наук, доцент</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fijodalgo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Marey</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marey</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>LL.D, Assistant Professor in Political Thought</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>LL.D, Assistant Professor in Political Thought</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fijodalgo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">НИУ ВШЭ (Москва); БФУ им. И. Канта<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">NRU HSE; BFU “Immanuel Kant”<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">NRU HSE, Moscow; BFU “Immanuel Kant”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Марей А.В., Marey A.V., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Марей А.В., Marey A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Марей А.В., Marey A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/261">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/261</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается эволюция политико-философского концепта «народ» от его появления в текстах эпохи древнего Рима и до становления политической мысли раннего Модерна в текстах Томаса Гоббса. Автор отмечает три основных этапа эволюции понятия. (1) В текстах Цицерона и Августина народ предстает как единый политический субъект. Объединяющим людей признаком в теории Цицерона становится рациональное согласие относительно практик общежития, тогда как Августин заменяет его на эмоциональную общность. (2) Второй этап истории понятия связан с творчеством Фомы Аквинского, который переинтерпретирует народ уже не как субъект, но как объект политического действия. Народ в его трактовке предстает множеством людей, объединенных общностью территории проживания, законов и образа жизни. Меняет свое значение и термин respublica, который Фома использует для описания политической формы, независимой от народа. В дальнейшей традиции политической мысли, вплоть до Франсиско де Витории, народ практически отсутствует—авторы употребляют слово populus, но никак не концептуализируют его. (3) Кардинальные перемены связаны с творчеством Томаса Гоббса, обращавшегося к теме народа в своем трактате «О гражданине». В рамках развитой Гоббсом теории общественного договора народ обозначается как суверенное лицо. В отличие от совокупности (multitudo) народ видится как обладающее властью, правящее, активное начало. Однако сам модус существования народа представляется «мерцающим»: народ появляется ситуативно, когда возникает необходимость в его активном действии. В пассивном же состоянии народ оборачивается подчиненной «совокупностью». Это положение Гоббса предвосхищает знаменитый тезис Руссо о том, что, люди становятся гражданами, когда они занимают активную политическую позицию, и остаются подданными, пока они пассивны.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this article, the author investigates the evolution of the politicophilosophical concept of the “people” (populus), from its appearance in Ancient Roman texts to Early Modern political thought. He traces three fundamental steps in the evolution of this concept: (1) Cicero and Augustine, in their writings, describe the people as a political subject. According to Tully, the people are united by the common rational consensus about the practices of conduct, while Augustine replaces it with the concept of a passionate community. (2) The second phase of the people’s conceptual history is bound up with the works of Thomas Aquinas. He describes the people not as a subject but as an object of political action. According to him, the people are the many men united by a common territory, common laws and common mode of life. Aquinas also changes the meaning of the term “res publica” (Commonwealth), as he uses it to define the political form independent from the people. Later, other authors within the Thomistic tradition up to Francisco de Vitoria refrained from conceptualizing the people, using it as a simple word, not a concept. (3) For authors of social contract theory (Thomas Hobbes, first and foremost), the people were a sovereign person that appeared thanks to the social contract itself. In contrast to the multitude, the people were considered as an active ruler. When the citizens unite with each other to commit some political action, they become the people; when they live as private persons, they remain the multitude.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>народ</kwd><kwd>совокупность</kwd><kwd>государство</kwd><kwd>res publica</kwd><kwd>Цицерон</kwd><kwd>Августин</kwd><kwd>Аквинат</kwd><kwd>Гоббс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>people</kwd><kwd>multitude</kwd><kwd>state</kwd><kwd>Commonwealth</kwd><kwd>res publica</kwd><kwd>Cicero</kwd><kwd>Augustine</kwd><kwd>Aquinas</kwd><kwd>Hobbes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Витория Фр. де, Марей А.В. 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