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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">NLKIPW</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-258</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Призрак советского человека</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Spectre of the Soviet Man</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титков</surname><given-names>Алексей С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доцент кафедры социологии</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a-titkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Titkov</surname><given-names>Alexey S.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titkov</surname><given-names>Alexey S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a-titkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">МВШСЭН<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">MSSES<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">MSSES<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Титков А.С., Titkov A.S., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Титков А.С., Titkov A.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Титков А.С., Titkov A.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/258">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/258</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья восстанавливает теоретическую логику, на которой был построен исследовательский проект «Советский человек» группы Юрия Левады. На основе публикаций проекта реконструирована «ранняя» модель, включающая набор установок по отношению к «антиномиям» советской системы, и более поздняя, в которой подчеркивается набор адаптивных характеристик («приспособленный», «двуличный» и др.). Выясняются эмпирические и теоретические основания, побудившие авторов проекта отказаться от изначальной гипотезы об «исчезающем типе» советского человека. Прослеживается связь между динамикой проекта «Советский человек» и ранними теоретическими работами Юрия Левады в 1970-е - 1980-е годы, в частности, сдвигу его интересов от структурного анализа к проблемам действия. Выясняются теоретические предпосылки критических текстов Левады постсоветского периода (концепции «социального перелома», «вырожденного случая»). Подчеркивается роль общих методологических установок группы Левады: «транспонирование» понятий западной социологии при описании советского/российского случая; выяснение исторического контекста, в котором возникали термины; сравнение с «обобщенным Западом», обязательная привязка исследовательских задач к «большим проблемам» своего общества (государства). Обсуждаются возможности актуализации («обратного транспонирования») теоретических разработок Левады в рамках академического сообщества, не разделяющего базовые методологические установки проекта. В качестве возможных тем для академической дискуссии предлагается сравнение концепций модернизации в СССР, предложенных Левадой и поздним Парсонсом в «Системе современных обществ», а также возможности концепции Левады для объяснения и прогноза социальных изменений в масштабах поколений (десятилетий).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article restores the theoretical logic behind Yuri Levada and his team’s research project, “Soviet Man”. Based on the project’s publications, the article reconstructs both the “early” model, which included a set of attitudes toward the “antinomies” of the Soviet system, as well as the later model which emphasized a set of adaptive characteristics (“adapted”, “two-faced”, etc.). The empirical and theoretical foundations that prompted the authors of the project to abandon the original hypothesis about the “disappearing type” of the Soviet man are clarified. There is a connection between the dynamics of the “Soviet Man” project and the early theoretical works of Yuri Levada in the 1970s and 1980s; specifically, there is a shift in his interests from structural analysis to action problems. The theoretical prerequisites of the critical texts of the Levada of the post-Soviet period (the concepts of “social change”, “degenerate case”) are clarified. The role of the general methodological guidelines of the Levada group is emphasized: “transposing” the concepts of Western sociology in describing the Soviet / Russian case; elucidating the historical context in which the terms arose; attempting a comparison with the “generalized West”, the obligatory linking of research tasks to the “big problems” of their society Possibilities of updating (“reverse transposing”) the theoretical developments of Levada within the framework of the academic community that does not share the basic methodological principles of the project are discussed. As possible topics for academic discussion, a comparison of the conceptions of modernization in the USSR —introduced by Levada and the late Parsons in the System of Modern Societies—is proposed, as well as the possibilities of the Levada’s concept for explaining and predicting social changes across generations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>советский человек</kwd><kwd>СССР</kwd><kwd>посткоммунистический переход</kwd><kwd>поколенческий анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Levada</kwd><kwd>Soviet Man</kwd><kwd>USSR</kwd><kwd>post-Communist transition</kwd><kwd>generation studies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Адорно Т., Френкель-Брюнсвик Э., Левинсон Д., Сэнфорд Р. 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