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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2074-0492-2020-2-125-156</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">UMDVKU</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-242</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейрологические идентичности и движение за нейроразнообразие</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neurological Identities and the Movement of Neurodiversity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-9449</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ортега</surname><given-names>Франсиско</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ortega</surname><given-names>Francisco</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор Института социальной медицины Государственного университета Рио-де-Жанейро, директор Бразильского центра глобального здравоохранения, приглашенный профессор кафедрыглобального здравоохранения и социальной медицины Королевского колледжа в Лондоне.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro State University; Director, Brazilian Center for Global Health; Visiting Professor, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King’s College London. </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fjortega2@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Государственный университет Рио-де-Жанейро, Бразилия;&#13;
Королевский колледж Лондона, Великобритания<country>Бразилия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; King’s College, London, UK<country>Brazil</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>156</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ортега Ф., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ортега Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ortega F.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/242">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/242</self-uri><abstract><p>В движении за нейроразнообразие доминируют аутичные люди, отстаивающие точку зрения, что их состояние - не болезнь, которую необходимо лечить и, если это возможно, вылечить, а отличительная черта, такая как пол или раса, требующая соответствующего отношения. Существует крайне мало исследований, направленных на изучение роли нейронаук и церебрализации аутистической культуры в продвижении и утверждении идей нейроразнообразия. Данная статья представляет собой вклад в заполнение этой лакуны. В ней исследуется роль нейронаук и понятия мозга в программе формирования идентичности, что хорошо видно на примере возникновения движения за нейроразнообразие. Локомотивом этого движения выступают так называемые высокофункциональные аутичные личности, доказывающие, что аутизм - это не болезнь, а одна из форм человеческих различий. В статье рассматривается развитие аутичных личностей и способов их общения, а также социальных сетей и групп. Она рассматривает возникновение аутистической культуры и проблемные зоны, связанные с аутичной идентичностью. Показано, что формирование их идентичностей связано с церебрализацией соответствующих состояний. Чтобы позитивно изображать аутизм, привлекаются данные о мозге. Движение в направлении нейронаук нужно понимать в более широком контексте, когда терминология, связанная с головным мозгом, распространяется за пределы лабораторий и проникает в разные сферы современных обществ. Эта лексика подхватывается индивидами и группами для того, чтобы говорить о себе и своих отношениях с другими, а также заявлять о своей идентичности и бороться за свои права.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The neurodiversity movement has so far been dominated by autistic people who believe their condition is not a disease to be treated and, if possible, cured, but rather a human specificity (like sex or race) that must be equally respected. Very few studies have been conducted to examine the significance of the neurosciences and the cerebralization of autistic culture for promoting these ideas. The article explores the role of the brain and the neurosciences in projects of identity formation as illustrated in the case of the emergence of the neurodiversity movement. The movement is driven by so called high functioning autistic individuals, who argue that autism is not a disease, but a form of human difference. The article examines the development of autistic individuals and autistic socialities as well as social and community networks. It also addresses the emergence of autistic cultures and various issues concerning autistic identities. It shows that the formation of identities is associated with the cerebralization of the condition. Facts about the brain are mobilized to depict autism positively. The move toward neurosciences has to be understood in a wider social context in which a brain-based vocabulary disseminates outside the lab and penetrates different domains of contemporary societies. This vocabulary is taken up by individuals and groups to speak about themselves and their relation with others as well as in their identity claims and fights for rights.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>политика идентичности</kwd><kwd>нейроразнообразие</kwd><kwd>аутизм</kwd><kwd>аутистические культуры</kwd><kwd>церебральный субъект</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>identity politics</kwd><kwd>neurodiversity</kwd><kwd>autism</kwd><kwd>autistic cultures</kwd><kwd>cerebral subject</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abi-Rached J.M. (2008a) The new brain sciences: Field or fields? Brain, Self and Society.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abi-Rached J.M. (2008a) The new brain sciences: Field or fields? 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