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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2074-0492-2020-1-30-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-216</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>От фабрики к платформе: автономия и контроль в цифровой экономике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>From Factory to Platform: Autonomy and Control in the Digital Economy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-4617</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевчук</surname><given-names>Андрей В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchuk</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры экономической социологии НИУ ВШЭ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor, Department of Economic Sociology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shevchuk@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">НИУ ВШЭ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">HSE<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевчук А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевчук А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevchuk A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/216">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/216</self-uri><abstract><p>Социология труда уделяла пристальное внимание фабрике и офису в качестве физического и социального пространства, где непосредственно осуществлялся трудовой процесс, и работник сталкивался с управленческим надзором, контролем и властью. В статье проблематизируются новые децентрализованные формы организации труда на основе цифровых платформ, соединяющих самозанятых работников с заказчиками и потребителями их услуг. Быстрое распространение платформ во многих сферах экономики (от IT-сектора и креативных индустрий до бытовых услуг, служб такси и доставки) ставит на повестку дня задачи переосмысления сложившихся в рамках социологии труда концепций, трудового законодательства и моделей социальной политики. Как правило, организационная децентрализация обсуждалась в контексте повышения трудовой автономии работников. Однако благодаря информационно-коммуникационным технологиям становится возможной не только эффективная координация деятельности рассредоточенных в пространстве работников, но и жесткий алгоритмический контроль над ними. Существующие за пределами предприятия как в физическом, так и в юридическом смыслах работники, тем не менее испытывают постоянное влияние цифровых платформ на ключевые условия своего труда и занятости. В статье рассматриваются специфи ка и типы трудовых цифровых платформ, источники платформенной власти, формы алгоритмического управления, роль пользовательских рейтингов, а также основные направления дискуссий о регулировании платформенной занятости. Автор концептуализирует проблемы трудовой автономии и контроля с помощью двух идеальных типов платформ: маркетплейса и теневой корпорации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The sociology of work paid close attention to the factory and office as the physical and social space where the labor process was directly carried out and where workers faced managerial supervision, control, and power. The article discusses new decentralized forms of labor organization based on digital platforms which connect self-employed workers with clients and customers. The rapid spread of platforms in many spheres of the economy (from the IT sector and creative industries to consumer services, taxi services, and delivery) puts the task of rethinking the concepts of labor sociology, labor legislation and social policy models on the agenda. Generally, organizational decentralization was discussed in the context of increasing the autonomy of workers. However, information and communication technologies made possible not only the effective coordination of dispersed workers, but also tight algorithmic control. Workers who are outside the enterprise, both physically and legally, nevertheless experience a strong influence of digital platforms on the key conditions of their work and employment. The article discusses the nature and types of digital work platforms, sources of platform power, forms of algorithmic management, the role of user ratings, as well as the possible regulation of platform employment. The author conceptualizes the problems of labor autonomy and control within the typology of platforms: marketplace vs. shadow corporation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социология труда</kwd><kwd>цифровые платформы</kwd><kwd>гигономика</kwd><kwd>самозанятость</kwd><kwd>трудовая автономия</kwd><kwd>алгоритмическое управление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sociology of work and employment</kwd><kwd>digital platforms</kwd><kwd>gig economy</kwd><kwd>self-employment</kwd><kwd>work autonomy</kwd><kwd>algorithmic management</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дидерикс Г.А., Линдблад И.Т., Ноордам Д.И. и др. 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