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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2074-0492-2021-4-217-236</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-202</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Макс Вебер о «свободе от оценки» и «трезвости суждений»: от моральной силы университетов к силе «личности»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Max Weber on “Freedom from Value Judgments” and “Sobriety of Judgment”: From the Moral Strength of Universities to the Strength of “Personality”</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7087-637X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пресняков</surname><given-names>Илья В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Presnyakov</surname><given-names>Ilya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр социологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MA in Sociology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">presnyakoviliaval@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public&#13;
Administration<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>217</fpage><lpage>236</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пресняков И.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пресняков И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Presnyakov I.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/202">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/202</self-uri><abstract><p>Настоящая статья посвящена категориям «свободы от оценки» и «трезвости суждений» в теории Макса Вебера. Автор исследует их в трех контекстах: как логический принцип науки, как позицию Вебера в дебатах об университетской политике и как составляющие его концепций «личности» и «ведения жизни». Показано, что принцип «свободы» как логическое требование является необходимым, но недостаточным условием объективности социальных наук. Его цель - разделение гетерогенных сфер фактов и практических суждений, однако для реализации этого разделения в исследовательской практике нельзя обойтись без других элементов логико-методического арсенала Вебера: ценностной интепретации и номологического знания. В то же время внутреннего устройства идеальных типов оказывается недостаточно для сохранения объективности суждений, если они превращаются в логически совершенные, но все же практические «образцы». Поэтому требование «свободы от оценки» и личная готовность ученых следовать исключительно ценностям науки вновь становятся необходимыми и функционально значимыми. С точки зрения университетской политики, отсутствие самоконтроля ученых в оценках подрывает моральную силу образовательных учреждений и единство университетской системы Поэтому воздержанность в практическом оценивании становится для Вебера инструментом для пересборки конструкции «академической свободы», предложенной Карлом фон Амирой. Одновременно «свобода от оценки» является условием независимости и достоинства ученых как «личностей» в науке. Более того, отсутствие «трезвости суждений» и неспособность осознанно служить выбранному делу представляет, по мнению Вебера, угрозу последовательному «ведению жизни» современного человека в целом. Автор делает вывод, что участие молодого Вебера в организации курсов в 1893 г. по качественной теоретической подготовке священнослужителей можно рассматривать как один из первых шагов ученого в постановке проблем «трезвости суждений» и рационального «ведения жизни». В данном случае - ученых и духовенства. Представленный в настоящем номере перевод небольшой веберовской газетной заметки о предстоящих занятиях, таким образом, расширяет набор традиционных веберовских текстов на русском языке, касающихся вопросов «свободы от оценки» и «трезвости суждений».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Present paper is dedicated to categories of "freedom from value judgments” and "sobriety of judgment” in Max Weber's theory. The author examines them in three contexts: as a logical principle of science, as Weber's position in university politics, and as elements of his conceptions of "personality” and "life conduct”. The author shows that the principle of "freedom” as a logical requirement is a necessary but insufficient condition for objectivity in social sciences. In actuality, it aims to separate the heterogeneous spheres of facts and practical judgments. However, an implementation of this separation in research practice cannot be realized without other elements of Weber's logical-methodological arsenal: value interpretation and nomological knowledge. At the same time, the internal structure of ideal types turns out to be insufficient to preserve the objectivity of judgments, if they turn into logically perfect, but still practical "samples”. Therefore, the demand for "freedom from value judgments" and the personal readiness of scientists to follow exclusively the values of science again becomes necessary and functionally significant. In the context of university politics, the lack of academic self-control in evaluations undermines the moral strength of educational institutions and the unity of the university system. That is why abstinence in practical evaluations becomes a tool for Weber to reassemble the construction of "academic freedom" proposed by Karl von Amira. At the same time, "freedom from value judgments" is a condition for the independence and dignity of scientists as "personalities" in science. Moreover, the lack of a "sobriety of judgment" and the inability to consciously serve the chosen matter is a threat, according to Weber, to the consistent "life conduct" of the modern person. The author concludes that the participation of a young Weber in the organization of courses in 1893 dedicated to the high-quality theoretical training of clergy can be considered as one of his first steps in posing the problems of the "sobriety of judgment" and rational "life conduct" - in this case, of scientists and the clergy. The translation of Weber's small newspaper article about the upcoming courses, presented in the present issue of "Sociology of Power", thus expands the conventional and common set of Weber's texts concerning the problems of "freedom from value judgments" and "sobriety of judgment".</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Макс Вебер</kwd><kwd>свобода от оценки</kwd><kwd>трезвость суждений</kwd><kwd>академическая свобода</kwd><kwd>университетская политика</kwd><kwd>личность</kwd><kwd>ведение жизни</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Max Weber</kwd><kwd>freedom from value judgments</kwd><kwd>sobriety of judgment</kwd><kwd>academic freedom</kwd><kwd>university politics</kwd><kwd>personality</kwd><kwd>life conduct</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вебер М. (1990а) Критические исследования в области логики наук о культуре. Ю. Н. 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