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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2074-0492-2021-3-78-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-181</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование закрытых сообществ: заметки о чужом и собственном опыте</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Research of “Closed Communities”: Notes on My Own and Others’ Experience</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-5905</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стародубровская</surname><given-names>Ирина В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starodubrovskaya</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат экономических наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of science, economics</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinavstar@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт экономической политики имени Е.Т. Гайдара, Москва&#13;
РАНХиГС<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, &#13;
RANEPA<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стародубровская И.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стародубровская И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Starodubrovskaya I.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/181">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/181</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье автор анализирует особенности полевых исследований в закрытых сообществах, ценности и образ жизни которых существенно отличаются от доминирующих в обществе, что заставляет эти сообщества отгораживаться от чужаков. Подробно рассматривается литература, посвященная методологии этнографических исследований закрытых сообществ, и имеющиеся примеры подобных исследований. В то же время автор опирается в первую очередь на собственные исследовательские практики на Северном Кавказе в процессе изучения фундаменталистских исламских сообществ, которые можно отнести к закрытым. Статья представляет собой опыт саморефлексии по результатам многолетней полевой работы. В ней затрагиваются проблемы входа в закрытые сообщества, влияния позиционирования исследователя в поле на результаты исследования, этические аспекты полевой работы, трудности с презентацией результатов исследования закрытых сообществ. Обсуждаются также другие дискуссионные методологические вопросы, связанные с подобными исследованиями: должен ли исследователь отражать позицию своих информантов либо собственные представления, может ли исследователь избежать необъективности и предвзятости, что делать с проблемой искажающего влияния исследователя на исследуемое им поле. Не все используемые автором инструменты универсальны и могут быть воспроизведены в других контекстах. Однако такие подходы, как реализация модели этнографии-диалога, использование множественности идентичностей членов городских закрытых сообществ, развитие исследования вширь (увеличение числа объектов исследования) при невозможности его развития вглубь (более детальное изучение ограниченного числа объектов), сочетание личных контактов с использованием социальных сетей могут быть полезны для других исследователей сложных полей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this article, the author analyses peculiarities of the fieldwork in so-called "closed communities”; those which differ significantly from the mainstream in their values and lifestyle and, as a result, try to prevent an influx of strangers. Literature on the methodology of closed community ethnography-as well as specific cases of research on this subject - are analyzed in detail. Nevertheless, the author mainly discusses her own practices in her research of Islamic fundamentalist communities in the North Caucasus, which can be considered "closed”. The article is an attempt of self-reflection based on a long experience of fieldwork. Problems such as the initial entry into "closed communities”, the impact of the researcher's positioning in the field on research outcomes, ethical aspects of fieldwork, and difficulties in the presentation of the findings about closed communities are addressed. Some other controversial methodological issues are also discussed, among them: whether a researcher should reflect the position of informants or his/her own ideas; if it is possible to remain unbiased; what to do with the distorted influence of a researcher on a field. Not all the instruments used by the author in the field are universal and can be applied to other contexts. However, specific approaches - such as the application the "ethnography-dialog", the use of multiple identities of the members of closed communities in cities, the widening of the scope of research (increasing the number of research objects) in cases where it is impossible to deepen it (analyzing the limited number of objects in greater detail), and the combination of personal contacts with social media - can be useful for other researchers of complicated fields.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полевые исследования</kwd><kwd>закрытые сообщества</kwd><kwd>исламский фундаментализм</kwd><kwd>Северный Кавказ</kwd><kwd>гражданское общество</kwd><kwd>множественность идентичностей</kwd><kwd>этнографическое родство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>field work</kwd><kwd>closed communities</kwd><kwd>Islamic fundamentalism</kwd><kwd>the North Caucasus</kwd><kwd>civil society</kwd><kwd>multiple identities</kwd><kwd>ethnographic kinship</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Армстронг К. 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