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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2074-0492-2024-4-103-134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-18</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Атомная отрасль в восприятии россиян: доверие и его детерминанты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nuclear Industry in the Eyes of Russians: Trust and Its Determinants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7001-4163</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анкудинов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ankudinov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анкудинов Иван Андреевич — главный специалист, аспирант Аспирантской школы по политическим наукам</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Ankudinov — chief specialist, postgraduate student of the Doctoral School of Political Science</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">IAAnkudinov@rosatom.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4967-1169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамов</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramov</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абрамов Роман Николаевич — доктор социологических наук, профессор департамента социологии, ведущий научный сотрудник Международной лаборатории исследований социальной интеграции, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела теории и истории социологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman N. Abramov — Dr. Sci. (Soc.), Professor at the School of Sociology of the Faculty of Social Sciences, Leading Research Fellow at the International Laboratory for Social Integration Research, Leading Research Fellow at the Department of Theory and History of Sociology, Institute of Sociology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rabramov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр коммуникаций «Росатома» ; Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rosatom ; National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» ; Институт социологии ФНИСЦ РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics; Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>36</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Анкудинов И.А., Абрамов Р.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Анкудинов И.А., Абрамов Р.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ankudinov I.A., Abramov R.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/18">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/18</self-uri><abstract><p>В течение последнего десятилетия отмечается рост положительного интереса к атомным технологиям как к устойчивому источнику «чистой» электроэнергии для Запада и как к фактору промышленного и социального роста в странах Юго-Восточной Азии. И развитые, и развивающиеся страны сталкиваются с необходимостью поддерживать растущее энергопотребление, что особенно трудно в условиях шоков на газовом рынке и масштабных планов «зеленого перехода». Общественное измерение этой проблемы, особенно в государствах — строителях реакторов, нередко остается «за кадром». Россия относится к старейшим державам с мощной системой АЭС, но и здесь отношение общественности к «мирному атому» неоднозначно. Социально-политическая радиофобия сопровождает развитие ядерной отрасли как минимум со времен Чернобыльской аварии, и социологических публикаций, которые освещали бы настроения жителей РФ, уровень их тревоги и доверия к энергии атома, до сих пор крайне мало. В статье рассматривается вопрос отношения россиян к ядерным технологиям, программе «Развитие техники, технологий и научных исследований в области использования атомной энергии в РФ» и разработкам государственной корпорации «Росатом». По результатам двух волн репрезентативных опросов, проведенных в апреле-мае 2023–2024 гг., оцениваются факторы, способствующие формированию доверия к отрасли. С опорой на факторно-регрессионный анализ, структурные уравнения и непараметрические тесты мы обрисовываем демографический профиль россиянина-«атомного оптимиста»; такой оптимизм характерен прежде всего для обеспеченных слоев населения. Ключевая роль в интерпретации отведена фактору информированности, увеличение которой (в перспективе) должно сгладить неравенство в поддержке отрасли. Отдельно обсуждается вопрос (не)доверия государству и его влияние на одобрение атомной энергетики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Over the past decade, there has been growing positive interest in nuclear technologies as a sustainable source of clean electricity for the West and as a factor of industrial and social growth in Southeast Asia. Both developed and developing countries face the need to meet growing energy consumption needs, which is especially difficult in the context of gas market shocks and large-scale green transition plans. The social dimension of this problem, especially in the reactor-building countries, often remains “behind the scenes”. Russia is one of the oldest countries with a powerful nuclear plant system, but even here the public’s attitude to the “peaceful atom” is ambiguous. Socio-political radiophobia has accompanied the development of the nuclear industry since at least the Chernobyl accident, and sociological publications that would topicalize the mood of Russian citizens, their level of anxiety and trust in nuclear energy are still sparse. The article examines Russians’ perception of nuclear technology in general and specifically regarding the “Development of Engineering, Technologies and Scientific Research in the Use of Nuclear Energy in the Russian Federation” (DETSR) program and the Rosatom state corporation’s activities. Based on two waves of representative surveys conducted in April-May 2023-2024, we assess the factors that contribute to the formation of trust in the industry. Using factor regression analysis, structural equations, and nonparametric tests, we outline a demographic profile of a Russian “nuclear optimist” — such optimism being typical primarily for the well-off segments of the population. A key role in the interpretation is given to the awareness factor, the increase of which (in the long term) should smooth out the inequality in support for the industry. The issue of (dis)trust in the state and its impact on this support is also discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>РТТН</kwd><kwd>«Росатом»</kwd><kwd>атомная отрасль</kwd><kwd>радиофобия</kwd><kwd>доверие технологиям</kwd><kwd>политическое доверие</kwd><kwd>структурный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>DETSR</kwd><kwd>Rosatom</kwd><kwd>nuclear industry</kwd><kwd>radiophobia</kwd><kwd>trust in technology</kwd><kwd>political trust</kwd><kwd>structural equations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воронцов Н. С. (2024) Участие дальневосточных учёных в дискуссии о строительстве АЭС в Хабаровском крае (конец 1980-х — начало 1990-х гг.). Труды института истории, археологии и этнографии ДВО РАН, 45: 181-202. https://doi.org/10.24412/2658-5960-2024-45-181-202</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vorontsov N. 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