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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2074-0492-2021-3-8-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-179</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лабораторная и полевая наука: онтология и эпистемология</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Laboratory and Field Science: Ontology and Epistemology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7198-0910</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куренной</surname><given-names>Виталий А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurennoy</surname><given-names>Vitaly A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> кандидат философских наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vkurennoj@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Куренной В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куренной В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurennoy V.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/179">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/179</self-uri><abstract><p>Во вводной части статьи дается краткий обзор современных исследований полевой науки с точки зрения различных исследовательских подходов и дисциплинарной специфики. Основная часть работы посвящена сравнительному анализу полевой и лабораторной науки. Это различие основывается не на формальном признаке проведения исследований в полевых условиях, но на различных процедурах получения знания. Лабораторная эпистемология, важнейшую роль в которой играет эксперимент, основана на процедурах редукции сложных и целостных явлений. Она включает также декомпозитную методологию анализа и последующего рационально-контролируемого синтеза, лежащего в основе производства современных технологий. Полевая наука, кристаллизовавшаяся в различных современных научных дисциплинах под значительным влиянием исследований Александра фон Гумбольдта, является холистской, причем онтологическая структура этого холизма обладает широкой степенью вариативности. Она простирается от традиционной модели «организма» до более подвижных и дисперсных онтологий, в которых организм рассматривается в связи со средой своего существования. Этому усложнению соответствует также развитие концептуальных средств анализа, когда на смену классическому органицизму приходит теория систем, кибернетика и т. д. В эпистемологическом отношении холизм выступает в форме герменевтической модели познания, в которой «целое» и «часть» обладают принципиально подвижным и открытым характером. Герменевтическая эпистемология позволяет интегрировать в полевую модель исследования также проблематику историзма. Полевые модели научных исследований объединяет - несмотря на дисциплинарные различия - ряд общих эпистемологических черт, вытекающих из этих фундаментальных особенностей полевой эпистемологии. В последней части статьи полевая эпистемологическая модель сопоставляется с рядом моделей так называемых «новых онтологий» (акторно-сетевая теория, теория ассамбляжа) и делается вывод о структурных сходствах между ними. Отдельно рассмотрено значение историзма для формирования современной теории науки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the first part of the paper the author provides a brief overview of field science research, surveying different approaches and disciplinary backgrounds. The main part of the paper is devoted to a comparative analysis of field and laboratory science. This distinction is not based on the formal attribute of conducting research in the field, but on the different procedures of acquiring knowledge. Laboratory epistemology, in which experiments play a crucial role, is based on the procedures of the reduction of complex and holistic appearances. It also includes a decompositional methodology of analysis and subsequent rationally controlled synthesis, which underpins the production of modern technology. Field science, which has crystallized in various modern scientific disciplines under the significant influence of Alexander von Humboldt, is holistic, with a wide degree of variation Acknowledgement: The results of the project "Field Studies: Science beyond Laboratories and Libraries and Its Contemporary Transformations", carried out within the framework of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University) in 2021, are presented in this work. in the ontological structure of this holism. It ranges from the traditional ‘organism' model to more fluid and dispersed ontologies in which the organism is viewed in relation to its environment. This increase in complexity also corresponds to the development of conceptual means of analysis, where classical organicism is replaced by systems theory, cybernetics, etc. Epistemologically, holism comes in the form of a hermeneutic model of cognition, in which the "whole" and the "part" have a fundamentally fluid and open character. Hermeneutic epistemology allows us to integrate the problematic of historicism into the field model of research. Field models of scientific research are united despite disciplinary differences by a number of common epistemological features derived from these fundamental features of the field epistemology. In the last part of the article, the field epistemological model is compared with a number of models of the so-called "new ontologies" (actor-network theory, assemblage theory), and the author comes to the conclusion that there are structural similarities between them. In this paper we will also look at the role of historicism in shaping the modern theory of science.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полевая наука</kwd><kwd>лабораторная наука</kwd><kwd>эксперимент</kwd><kwd>холизм</kwd><kwd>герменевтика</kwd><kwd>историзм</kwd><kwd>новые онтологии</kwd><kwd>STS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Field Science</kwd><kwd>Laboratory Science</kwd><kwd>Holism</kwd><kwd>Hermeneutics</kwd><kwd>Historicism New Ontologies</kwd><kwd>STS</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аристотель (1978) Вторая аналитика. Аристотель. Соч. в 4-х тт. Т. 2. М.: Мысль: 255-346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Аристотель (1978) Вторая аналитика. Аристотель. Соч. в 4-х тт. Т. 2. 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