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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">socofpower</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Социология власти</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociology of Power</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0492</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-144X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2074-0492-2024-2-142-163</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">socofpower-108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Берегись его автомобиля: почему мужчины за рулем опаснее женщин?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Beware of His Car: Why Are Men More Dangerous than Women Behind the Wheel?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8848-2726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белов</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belov</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белов Михаил Дмитриевич — стажер-исследователь МЦИИР НИУ ВШЭ (Международный центр изучения институтов и развития</p><p>Москва;</p><p>стажер-исследователь; аспирант</p><p>Лос-Анджелес, США</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikael D. Belov — Research Intern at International Center for the Study of Institutions and Development</p><p>Moscow;</p><p>research intern; graduate student</p><p>Los Angeles</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikaelbelov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0091-5388</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казун</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazun</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казун Антон Павлович — кандидат социологических наук, директор Института анализа предприятий и рынков, доцент факультета экономических наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton P. Kazun — PhD in Sociology, Director of the Institute for Industrial and Market Studies, Associate Professor, Faculty of Economic Sciences</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akazun@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»;&#13;
Калифорнийский университет в Лос-Анджелесе<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics;&#13;
The University of California<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>36</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>142</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Белов М.Д., Казун А.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белов М.Д., Казун А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belov M.D., Kazun A.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/108">https://socofpower.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/108</self-uri><abstract><p>По статистике, мужчины в России и большинстве стран мира существенно чаще становятся виновниками ДТП, чем женщины. Понимание причин этого гендерного разрыва представляется важным для выработки мер, позволяющих снизить количество транспортных происшествий. В литературе о России этот вопрос остается малоизученным. Мы анализируем масштабы разрыва в шансах совершить серьезное ДТП водителями разного пола, а также обсуждаем возможные причины этого феномена. Для этого мы используем набор данных, в который вошли 158 тыс. опубликованных судебных решений по статье 264 УК РФ за период с 2010 по 2022 год. Мы показываем, что 91,7% всех случаев приходится на водителей-мужчин. Но даже после учета различий в количестве водителей разного пола и количестве километров, которые они в среднем проезжают, мужчины в 3,25 раза чаще совершают ДТП, по итогу которых возбуждаются уголовные дела. Одной из причин различий является безопасность езды. Мужчины чаще совершают ДТП с отягчающими обстоятельствами. Почти в четверти случаев мужчины-водители управляли транспортным средством в нетрезвом виде, в то время как для женщин этот показатель составляет лишь 10%. Судьи, в свою очередь, чаще выносят мужчинам наказание, связанное с реальным сроком заключения, если речь идет о преступлении, не повлекшем гибель пострадавших; в более серьезных случаях пол водителя менее значим. Также мы обнаружили сильную вариацию в шансах стать причиной серьезного ДТП для мужчин и женщин между регионами России. Это позволяет предположить, что причины гендерных различий сильно связаны с культурными и социально-экономическими особенностями регионов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>According to statistics, men in Russia and most countries of the world are significantly more likely to cause road accidents than women. Understanding the reasons for these differences may be important for developing measures to reduce the number of road accidents. In the literature on Russia, the issue of the causes of this gender gap remains understudied. We analyse the magnitude of the gap in the odds of committing a serious crash by drivers of different genders and discuss possible reasons for these differences. For this, we use a dataset of 158,000 published court decisions under Article 264 of the Russian Criminal Code for the period from 2010 to 2022. We show that 91.7% of all cases involve male drivers. But even after accounting for differences in the number of drivers of different genders and the number of kilometers they drive on average, men are 3.25 times more likely to commit crashes resulting in criminal prosecutions. One reason for these differences is driving safety. Men are also more likely to commit aggravated road accidents. In almost a quarter of cases, male drivers were driving drunk, while for women the figure is only 10 percent. Judges in turn are more likely to give men a serious sentence if itis a non-fatal offence; in more serious cases, the gender of the driver is less important. We also found a very strong variation in the odds of causing a serious road accident for men and women between Russian regions, suggesting the influence of cultural and socio-economic differences.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ДТП</kwd><kwd>пол</kwd><kwd>гендер</kwd><kwd>приговор</kwd><kwd>судебные тексты</kwd><kwd>судебные решения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>road accident</kwd><kwd>traffic accident</kwd><kwd>sex</kwd><kwd>gender</kwd><kwd>court sentence</kwd><kwd>court texts</kwd><kwd>court decisions</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-78-10073 «Разработка и апробация методики автоматизированного анализа текстов приговоров российских судов для социально-правовых исследований (на примере насильственных преступлений)», https://rscf.ru/ project/23-78-10073/.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The research was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 23-78- 10073 “Development and testing of a methodology for automated analysis of texts of sentences of Russian courts for social and legal research (using the example of violent crimes)”, https://rscf.ru/project/23- 78-10073/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поздняков М.Л. 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